Term 1 Test

Question 1

Female reproductive system

Answer 1

Fallopian tube, ovary, uterus, cervix, vagina, endometrium

Question 2

Ovary

Answer 2

Two glands on either side of the uterus that release female sex hormones, estrogen and pogesteron and ova (eggs)

Question 3

Fallopian Tube

Answer 3

The two tubes that link the ovaries and uterus

Question 4

Uterus

Answer 4

The hollow muscular organ that holds and nourishes the fetus

Question 5

Endometrium

Answer 5

The thick soft lining that grows on the inside of the uterus each month

Question 6

Cervix

Answer 6

The lower part of the uterus that has a small opening to the vagina

Question 7

Endometrium

Answer 7

The thick soft lining that grows on the inside of the uterus each month.

Question 8

Vagina

Answer 8

The passageway of muscles that joins the uterus to the outside of the body

Question 9

Organs in the male reproductive system

Answer 9

foreskin, penis, urethra, scrotum, seminal vesicles,

prostate gland, testicles, bladder, vas deferens

Question 10

Foreskin

Answer 10

The skin around the head of an uncircumcised penis

Question 11

penis

Answer 11

A tube like sex organ of males that hags outside of the body

Question 12

urethra

Answer 12

a tube that at different times carries urine and semen out of the body

Question 13

scrotum

Answer 13

sac of skin that holds the testicles just underneath the penis

Question 14

testicles

Answer 14

two oval shaped organs contained in the scrotum, whcih produce the male hormone, twstosterone, and sperm

Question 15

vas deferens

Answer 15

The thin long tubes through which sperm travel from the testicles and where sperm are mixed with other fluid to make semen.

Question 16

bladder

Answer 16

a sac inside the abdomen that holds urine

Question 17

seminal vesticles

Answer 17

Two glands on either side of bladder that secretes seminal fluid.

Question 18

prostate gland

Answer 18

A gland near the bladder that adds fluid to semen

Question 19

The menstrual cycle

Answer 19

A woman’s menstrual cycle is approximately 28 days long (varies). Purpose of the cycle is to produce an egg or ovum and to prepare the uterus to receive this ovum if it is fertilised.
Ovulation occurs half way through the cycle when the zygote (fertilised ovum) begins to move from the ovary to the fallopian tube.
If fertilisation does not occur, this lining breaks down and is removed during menstruation.

Question 20

Sperm Production

Answer 20

Sperm production in males takes place in the testes. During intercourse, millions of sperm are released through the penis in a thick milky substance called semen.
They propel themselves with their tail and can live for 48 hours inside a female.
It takes one sperm to fertilise an ovum.

Question 21

Assisted Conception

Answer 21

Couples who have problems conceiving can be assisted by medical means.
There are no guarantees and each method has varying rates of success.
- Invitro Fertilisation (IVF)
- Intrauterine Insemination
- Donor Assisted Conception
- Surrogacy

Question 22

Intrauterine Insemination

Answer 22

This process occurs if there is a problem with the sperm and the egg meeting. It can involve using donor sperm or the father’s sperm.

A drug may be used to ensure two or three eggs are produced by the woman.
A sperm sample is provided.
Sperm is inserted into the woman’s uterus. Fertilization occurs in the normal uterine environment.

Question 23

Invitro Fertilisation (IVF)

Answer 23

This process is used when couples have problems conceiving due to a low sperm count, tubal damage in the female or unexplained infertility issues.

Question 24

Donor Assisted Conception

Answer 24

Couples who need assistance with conception can also use donor eggs, sperm and embryos. There could be issues with the male or female in conceiving and eggs and sperm can be used to assist conception.

Question 25

Surrogacy

Answer 25

Some reasons a surrogacy arrangement may be considered could be: - A woman is unable to conceive or carry a pregnancy - A woman has a health condition that makes pregnancy dangerous - Same-sex couple - A woman has frozen embryos and is unable to carry a pregnancy. Issues with surrogacy include monetary costs, emotional costs, physical costs and ethical issues. The child may be biologically the couples or may involve the use of donor egg, donor sperm, donor embryos or combination of these.

Question 26

Symptoms of pregnancy

Answer 26

- Missed period - Morning sickness - Urinate more - Breast soreness or tenderness - Fatigue (first 3 months)

Question 27

Testing for Pregnancy

Answer 27

- Pregnancy kit - Urine test - Blood test - Pelvic examination

Question 28

Physical changes when going through pregnancy

Answer 28

- Weight Gain - Changes in the blood - Changes in the heart and lungs - Changes in the kidney and urinary system - Changes in the stomach and bowels - Changes in the mouth - Changes in the bones and joints - Changes in skin, hair and nails - Changes in breasts

Question 29

Ante-Natal Care

Answer 29

- Everyday chores – cut back on workload and no heavy lifting. - Exercise and rest – pelvic floor strengthening helpful for birth - suitable back exercises - rest and relaxation. - Diet – eat a nutritious and well balanced diet. - Ante-natal classes – provides information and advice for both parents. - Medical check-ups – these ensure the baby is growing at a normal rate and mother is remaining healthy.

Question 30

Smoking

Answer 30

- Harmful chemical substances in cigarettes (nicotine and carbon monoxide) pass through the placenta to the baby, damaging developing tissue. - Increases the chance of a miscarriage or stillbirths. - Smaller than average baby. - Mother has a greater chance of early birth and often more complications. - Greater chance of chest infections e.g. bronchitis and pneumonia. - Greater chance of SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome), if a parent is a smoker or the baby reared in a smoking environment. - Changes to the mother’s metabolism, reducing the amounts of some nutrients such as calcium and vitamin C and B.

Question 31

Drugs

Answer 31

- Baby becomes addicted. - Low birth weight. - Serious deformities.

Question 32

Alcohol

Answer 32

Alcohol - Can interfere with the growth and development of the embryo. - Suffer the effects of foetal alcohol syndrome. - Lower birth weight

Question 33

X-Rays

Answer 33

It is vital that both parents avoid x-rays for about 4 months prior to conception, as the effects of radiation build up in the body and therefore is capable of being transferred to the embryo and causing serious birth defects.

Question 34

Rubella

Answer 34

- Rubella is a viral illness that causes a skin rash and joint pain. Rubella is sometimes called German measles. - Dangerous if contracted in the first 4 months - Damages vital organs - Causes deafness, sight, heart defects and brain damage. - Can cause death in the foetus. - It is advisable for all women planning pregnancy to be vaccinated at least 4 months before they cease using contraception.

Question 35

Foods and Listeria

Answer 35

- Listeria infection is a rare, flu-like illness caused by eating food that contains Listeria bacteria. - Foods such as soft cheeses, pate, partially manufactured meats (ham, polony etc), self service or packed salads, cold, smoked and raw seafood, soft serve icecreams. - Danger of miscarriage, stillbirth, severe illness or premature birth.

Question 36

Caffeine

Answer 36

- Found in tea, coffee and energy drinks. - Acts as a stimulant to baby and mother. - Can influence the nutrients being absorbed by the baby.

Question 37

Foetus support system

Answer 37

Uterus wall, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, placenta, amnion (amniotic sac

Question 38

Umbilical cord

Answer 38

Linked from foetus to placenta. Supplies foetus with oxygenated blood from placenta. De - oxygenated blood umbilical arteries take back. Full term - 50cm

Question 39

Uterus wall

Answer 39

Made up of muscle. Muscle tissue expands as the embryo grows.

Question 40

Amniotic fluid

Answer 40

Fuid surrounding the foetus suspended with the amnion

Question 41

Amnion (amniotic sac)

Answer 41

A tough membrane forming a closed sac surrounding the foetus, containing amniotic fluid

Question 42

Placenta

Answer 42

Attarches foetus to uterus. Blood flows betwen mother and foetus through placenta, supplying oxygen and nutrients to foetus and carrying away foetal waste products.