Term 1 Test

Question 1

What is digestion?

Answer 1

Is the breakdown of food into smaller particles to give the body its nutrients

Question 2

What are the 3 main sites digestion occurs?

Answer 2

Mouth
Stomach
Small intestine (duodenum)

Question 3

What is mastication and where does this occur?

Answer 3

Tearing and chewing of food into small pieces

Question 4

Why is saliva important in the digestive process?

Answer 4

It moists the food to help the food move into the stomach
It contains enzymes that help digest starches in your food

Question 5

What is peristalsis and where does it occur?

Answer 5

Muscles in digestive tract contract and mixes the food in the stomach

Question 6

Explain a role of hydrochloride acid in the stomach

Answer 6

Kills bacteria
Activates pepsin so protein can begin breaking down

Question 7

What organ produces bile?

Answer 7

Liver

Question 8

What is the role of bile?

Answer 8

Breaks down fat
Emulsifies fats into smaller globules

Question 9

Where is bile stored?

Answer 9

Gall bladder

Question 10

What is the final product of protein?

Answer 10

Amino acids

Question 11

The pancreas secretes what enzyme?

Answer 11

Amylase

Question 12

The final product of Carbohydrates is

Answer 12

Glucose

Question 13

What enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of fats into fatty acids and glycerol?

Answer 13

Lipase

Question 14

How many kilojoules per gram in carbs, protein and lipids?

Answer 14

Carbs - 16.7
Protein - 16.7
Lipids - 37.7

Question 15

Explain micronutrients

Answer 15

Vitamins & minerals
Need only in small amounts

Question 16

Explain macronutrients

Answer 16

Provide energy
Find in carbs, proteins and lipids (fats)
Need in larger quantities

Question 17

What is the BMI formula?

Answer 17

weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared

Question 18

What is soluble fibre?

Answer 18

Slows digestion
maximises nutrient absorption and provides satiety
e.g nuts seeds and beans

Question 19

Insoluble fibre?

Answer 19

provides bulk to stools for ease of digestion - prevents constipation
e.g whole grains, vegetables, potatoes

Question 20

LDL

Answer 20

Saturated fats - high blood pressure which clogs up arteries leading to heart attack and stroke which is called atherosclerosis

Question 21

HDL

Answer 21

unsaturated fats - reduced LDL cholesterol in arteries

Question 22

What enzyme breaks down fats

Answer 22

lipase

Question 23

what are essential fatty acids?

Answer 23

must be consumed body does not synthesis them

Question 24

3 function of lipids

Answer 24

provide energy, satiety, protect + cushion vital organs

Question 25

name the monosaccharides

Answer 25

GGF (glucose, galactose, fructose)

Question 26

name the disaccharides

Answer 26

SLM (sucrose, lactose, maltose)

Question 27

name the polysaccarides

Answer 27

Starch, cellulose

Question 28

Functions of protein

Answer 28

energy helps grow and maintain muscles body tissues and cells synthesis muscle contraction and relaxation

Question 29

protein is made from amino acids how many are non/essential

Answer 29

humans need 20 amino acids 9 are essential (must be consumes) 11 are non essential (created by body)

Question 30

Functions of water

Answer 30

lubricate + cushion joints regulate body temp lubricated digestive tract

Question 31

what is chemical digestion

Answer 31

usage of enzymes and acids to break down carbs, proteins and lipids into smaller molecules

Question 32

what is mechanical digestion

Answer 32

is the physical breakdown of food such as teeth tearing and chewing (mastication)

Question 33

what does the duodenom connect

Answer 33

the small intestine and stomach

Question 34

functions of hydrochloric acid in the stomach

Answer 34

removes bacteria helps break down proteins and food in stomach activated pepsinogen

Question 35

where does most chemical digestion occur

Answer 35

duodenom and small intestine

Question 36

explain the chemical digestion of protein

Answer 36

trypsin breaks down protein into amino acids

Question 37

explain the chemical digestion of carbs

Answer 37

pancreatic amylase breaks down the saccharides into glucose

Question 38

explain the chemical digestion of lipids

Answer 38

bile emulsifies fats break down into small globules so the enzyme lipase can digest fats into fatty acids

Question 39

define the term complementary proteins

Answer 39

plant-based foods don't contain all 9 essential amino acids. so must be eaten in combination with other plant foods such as wholegrain break with baked beans