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A&P FINAL TERM SECOND CARDS > TERM 2 > Flashcards

TERM 2 Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

What is the only artery to carry deoxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary artery, coming out of the right ventricle

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2
Q

Accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity is called what?

A

Pleural infusion. Should have no more than 15ml (cc)

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3
Q

3

How do you cure pleural infusion

A

Thoracentesis

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4
Q

What are the functions of RBC?

A

Carries 02, bonded by hemoglobin and iron

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5
Q

What do visceral pleura cover?

A

The outer surface of each lung

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6
Q

What do parietal pleural cover?

A

Thoracic cavity

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7
Q

What is the purpose of cartilage?

A

its a firm , yet flexible tissue that prevents the collapse of the larynx

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8
Q

Where is cartilage located?

A

Tracheal, Thyroid , Epiglottis, Cricoid

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9
Q

Tracheal, Thyroid , Epiglottis, Cricoid

A

Too much accumulation of Co2

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10
Q

Where are chemoreceptors located?(they detect changes in blood gases and PH)

A

Aortic and Carotid bodies

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11
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

The amount of air involved in one normal inhalation and exhalation. The average volume is 500ml.

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12
Q

Where is the mediastinum located?

A

space between the lungs

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13
Q

She’s going to give a blood gas reading and is going to ask if you need to increase breathing or decrease breathing. Pt came in with metabolic acidosis, thats low PH. How do they compensate with thier breathing

A

Breathing is hyperventilating

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14
Q

Where do external respirations occur?

A

External environment and the body

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15
Q

What permits gas diffusion? What two organs do you need?

A

Alveoli and capillaries

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16
Q

Where do internal respiration occur?

A

Exchange gases between the blood in the systemic capillaries and tissue fluids (cells) of the body

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17
Q

What part of the bronchial tree opens up to the alveoli?

A

Bronchioles

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18
Q

One part of passage way that only permits air is called

A

Nasopharynx

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19
Q

The other two passage ways the permits air and food to pass are called?

A

Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx

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20
Q

Why is there ciliated epithelium in the lining of the nasal mucosa

A

Block the entry of dust. And is always moving upward and out

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21
Q

Alveoli is always surrounded by what?

A

Capillaries

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22
Q

What is the purpose of a cough reflex?

A

Anything that’s not suppose to be there will be coughed up

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23
Q

What is an important regulator of respiration

A

Co2

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24
Q

What happens if you have too much hydrogen ions in your blood? What is your ph going to b

A

Acidosis

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25
What prevents friction rub in your lungs
Surfactant serous fluid.
26
Surfactant basically covers what?
Alveoli from over expanding
27
What is Hering-Breuer inflation reflex?
Helps prevent over inflation of the lungs
28
What is the purpose of the nose
Air enters and leaves the respiratory system, bring in warm and moist air
29
If patient accidentally swallows something and it gets stuck in their bronchi? What side is bigger?
Right. So generally that would be the obstructive side
30
What part of the brain is responsible for rhythm and depth of respiration
Medulla and pon
31
If nasopharnyx is irritated it can also cause?
ear irritation. It has two Eustachian tubes that extend to the middle ear cavities
32
What is intercostal muscle?Where are they located?
Between the ribs. They attach to the ribs and help expand and shrink the size of the chest cavity when breathing
33
O2 is going to diffuse from external respirations?
O2 coming in
34
What happens is a patient has hypoxia? What does the body do?
Breaths deeper
35
What is left in the lungs after a pt forcefully exhales?
Residual air
36
Where is red bone marrow normally drawn?
Flat bones. Illiac crest, sternum
37
*Eosinophils
are activated during allergic reaction
38
*Basophils
contain granules of heparin and histamin*
39
contain granules of heparin and histamin*
are capable of phagocytosis(during a infection neutrophils are produced most rapidly)
40
Granular leukocytes
Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils
41
Agranular leukocytes
Lymphocytes and monocytes
42
What stem cell? Where is it located
produce blood cells mainly RBC. RBM
43
What do you need fibrin for? What does it produce.
It produces clots. If you dont want to produce clot you block the fibrin
44
Calcium is used for?
Blood clotting and bones
45
Blood clotting and bones
4.5-6.0 million
46
Hemoglobin(Hb,Hgb):
12-18 grams
47
Hematocrit(Hct,Ht)
38%-48%
48
WBC's
5-10K
49
Platelets
150,00-300,00
50
Lymph fluid is going to be returned where?
it goes through the venus system first than subclavian veins
51
How do your lymph nodes function
Skeletal muscles
52
Where is B/P monitored
Left ventricle of the heart
53
SA node is located?
In the right atrium of the heart and known as the pacemaker
54
The spleen does what to old RBC's?
Destroys them down to bilirubin and stores the iron from them
55
A process called hypoxemia is going to cause the kidneys to produce what?
Erythropoietin
56
When do you get a histamine response?
Allergic reaction
57
During a cardiac cycle what happens?
S1- Lub is the atrium which contracts first | S2- Dub is the ventricles contracting second
58
What are you hearing with a normal heart sounds
Closing of the valves
59
What is Atrial Natriuretic Hormone(ANH or ANP), what does it do?
- decreases the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys, so the more sodium and water is excreted in urine. To help lower blood volume and B/P and also promotes vasodilation. Its produced in the left atrium. - Inhibits aldosterone secretion from the adrenal gland
60
Epinephrine is going to do what to the b/p?
Increase the heart rate and give it a nice force
61
Patient wants to know what B/P reading means. you as a nurse will tell them what?
It is taken from the left ventricle when the arteries are contracting
62
Arteriolosclerosis
Is caused by old age
63
Atherosclerosis?
clotting of the arteries caused by yellowish plaque
64
Aldosterone
* The primary mineralcorticoid and regulator of electrolyte concentration * Increases reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium by the kidneys. Maintains normal blood PH, blood volume, and blood pressure
65
Cortisol
(Glucocorticoids) increases the use of fats and amino acids for energy. Decreases the use of glucose to conserve glucose for the brain. Also has a anti inflammatory effect. blocks the effects of histamine and stabilizes lysosomes to prevent excessive tissue damage.
66
PTH
-increases reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from bones to the blood
67
Calcitonin
Deceases reabsorption of calcium from bones and lowers blood calcium levels
68
Epinephrine
Increases heart rate and force. Causes vasoconstriction in the skin and viscera and vasodilation in the skeletal muscles.
69
Melatonin
secreted by pineal gland during darkness to bring on sleep
70
*Alpha cells
: produce glucagon
71
Beta cells
: produce insulin
72
Norepinephrine
stimulates vasoconstriction and raises blood pressure.
73
Path of blood flow in heart
1) Right atrium 2) Tricuspid valve (R atrioventricular valve) 3) Right ventricle 4) Pulmonary Semilunar Valved 6) R/L Pulmonary ARTERIES 7) Lungs where gas exchange (O2 picked up/C02 dumped) 8) R/L Pulmonary VEINS 9) Left atrium 10) Bicuspid or Mitral valve (L atrioventricular) 11) Left ventricle 12) Aorta

A&P FINAL TERM SECOND CARDS (1 decks)

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