TERM 2 Flashcards
(172 cards)
1
Q
what is integumentary system
A
skin and apendages
2
Q
Transcutaneous absorption
A
dermal patch used to induce substance into skin
3
Q
sebum is…
A
oil
4
Q
sudor is …
A
sweat
5
Q
avascular is..
A
without blood
6
Q
layer of skin switch cells divsie contantly
A
basal
7
Q
mitosis is
A
cell reproduction , mother cells produce 2 daughters
8
Q
desmosomes
A
disk shaped structures that control strength and adhesion between keratinctyes
9
Q
melanocytes
A
pigment cells
10
Q
pigment cells
A
produce melanin switch protects againt UV radiation and gives skin, hair and eyes color
11
Q
langerhan cells
A
cells that specialized in antigen prresentation and belong to the skin immune response (cells at the outermost layer of cutaneous immune system and induce first reactions againt pathogens
12
Q
lamellar bodies
A
interceelluar lipids that fills space between upper part of the cell. responsible for hydation, firmness and smoothness of skin
13
Q
what is TEWL
A
transepidermal water loss, caused by skin conditions like eczema dermatitis or roacea
14
Q
desquamtion
A
shedding of stratum corneum
15
Q
ceramide
A
lipid molecule composed of amino acids phinogosine and free fatty acid
16
Q
fibroblast cells
A
cells that manufacture collagen, glcominoglycans, glyoprotiens , reticular and elastic fibers
17
Q
GAGS
A
glyosaminglycans, gel that fills the gaps between fibers and allow skin to be plump supple and moisturized
18
Q
collagen
A
fibers that grow in a helix shape and makeup aprox. 70% of dermis aiding in healing and retaining moisture
19
Q
elastin
A
fibers that provide the skin with strength , extensiblity and elasticity
20
Q
papille
A
small cone shaped projections of elastic tissue that point upwards into the epidermis
21
Q
PH
A
potential hydrogen measures degree of alkality and acidity
22
Q
Papules
A
red short bump with no pus
23
Q
Pustules
A
inflamed with pus
24
Q
basal
A
layer of emidermis constantly shedding and replacing itsself
25
the skin is nurished by
blood and lymph
26
blood vessels oil and sweat glands are in the ...
dermis
27
atrong protien substance that forms bundles that strengthen skin and give structure is
collagen
28
outermost layer of skin is
epidermis
29
melanin protects cells from
ultraviolet rays
30
another name for oil gland is
sebaceuos glands
31
other nane for dermis are cutis derma corium and
true skin
32
another name for white head
closed comedo
33
what is buildup of skin cells on epidermis called
keratosis
34
massage methiod using gentle pumping to train toxins
lymphatic drainage
35
small evevated growth removed by doctor
skintags
36
branch of mmedical science for skin disease and treatment
dermatology
37
insect bite or case of hives is a lesson called
wheal
38
a blister of vesicle contains
watery fluid
39
zone of skin on outer cheeks
u zone
40
a decrease of pigment
hypo-pigmentations
41
erythrosis is
redness
42
a build up of cells production orange peel effect
thick skin
43
reffered to as active or key ingriedient
preformance ingreident
44
keep oil and water blended
emusifiers
45
presevative
examples parabens nonoxynol p and quadterium 15
46
water
cosmetic ingreideint both vehicle and preformance
47
lubricate skin by trapping water
emollients
48
congential partial or total absence of pigment
albinism
49
most common type of skin cancer
basal cell circoma
50
bacterial infection of hair follicle
follicultis
51
irritation by substance touching skin
contact dermatisus
52
skin condition that looks dull and lacks oxygen
asphyxiated skin
53
skin condition appears as blotchiness or readness with thread like lines
couperouse
54
cells found in dermis
fibroblast cells
55
water content of skin
turgor
56
these sweat blands are located in axilae and pubic region
apocrine
57
deepest layer of dermis is reticular layer
true
58
comedone
blackhead
59
milia
closed comedone
60
sebaceous cyst
also called a steatoma
61
acne
inflamitory disease of sebaceous gland
62
congestion
buildup of dead skincells
63
superficial dehydration
crepey, lack of water on epidermis
64
deep dehydation
itchy flakey tight skin
65
diffused redness
caused by dilated capillaries
66
couperose or telamgiectasias
threadlike englarged or broken capillaries
67
hyper pigmentation
increase in pigment
68
hypopigmentation
decrease in pigment
69
erythema
supperficial reddening of skin from lesion
70
wrinkles
deep folds in skin after finelines
71
collagen
fibers grow in helix shape aid in healing and mosture 70% of dermis
72
elasticity
fibers that provide skin with strength and elsatity
73
asphyxiated
without oxygen, gray dull difficult to see bloodflow
74
oily skin is
large ostia on entire face, thick skin, comedones
75
normal/ oily
large meduim ostia on t zone, meduim ostia on rest of face moderate oil production
76
normal
meduim sized ostia average thickness few pap/pus and few comedones moderate oil
77
normal/ dry
meduim/small ostia on t zone small ostia on rest of face, few pus/pap moderate to little oil production
78
dry skin
small inisbale ostia on entire face very little oil production, fine lines
79
anagen , catagen, telogen
anangen- active stage
catagen- transition phase
telogen- resting
80
shiatsu massage
1900s japanese based on bodys chi flowiong through defned channels along the surface of the body. accupressure points
81
vapozone
machine (steamer)
82
high frequency
machine using alernating current known as tesla
83
orange e;ectrode (or pink) neon gas
slightly germicidal helps skin accept active ingriedents and smoothe irritation
84
viol;et electrode (argon gas)
germicidal, generates heat and stimulkates circulation
85
dirrect current
d/c galvanic current
86
alternating current
a/c high frequency machine
87
electrode
serves as conductor and applicator of electricity
88
Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs)
– Water-soluble acids (e.g., glycolic, lactic acid) that exfoliate the skin’s surface, improving texture and brightness.
89
Beta Hydroxy Acids (BHAs)
Oil-soluble acids (e.g., salicylic acid) that penetrate deeper into pores, helping to clear acne and excess oil.
90
clay mask
Clay Masque – A purifying mask made with clay, such as kaolin or bentonite, that absorbs oil and detoxifies the skin, ideal for oily or acne-prone skin.
91
gel mask
Gel Masque – A hydrating and cooling mask that soothes and refreshes the skin, commonly used for sensitive or dehydrated skin
92
Nourishing Masque
Nourishing Masque – A rich, moisturizing mask designed to replenish dry, dehydrated, or mature skin with nutrients and hydration.
93
UVA
UVA – Ultraviolet A rays, which penetrate deep into the skin, causing premature aging and wrinkles. Present all year round.
94
UVB
UVB – Ultraviolet B rays, which affect the skin’s surface, causing sunburn and playing a key role in skin cancer development.
95
refers to water content in skin
turgor
96
what does NMF stand for
NATURAL MOISTRURIZING FACTOR
97
the upper layer of dermis
papillary layer
98
blood vessels and sweat glands are found in what skin layer
reticular
99
surfactants
chemicals that reduce tension between skin and product
100
emulsifiers
keeps oil and water blended
101
thickeners
vehicle ingriedent to thicken or suspend ingreidents
102
emollients
cosmetic ingredients that are fatty agents, performance ingredients that prevent dehydration by trapping water in epidermis
103
functional ingreidents
compose the majority of a product, allow products to spread, texture referred to as vehicles
104
mixture
when two or more compounds blended together physically
105
solution
mixture which each chemical is distributed evenly
106
suspension
even dispertion of solid substance in liquid base
107
gel
formulated with thickening agent to increase viscrocity
108
oinment
no water. proudct is in oil and waxes
109
emulsion
mixture of two or more non-mixable substances (oil and water) united by binder
110
biotech.
ingredients produced in laboratory
111
cosmeceutical
cosmetic and pharma
112
skin mirobiome
skin flora
113
free radical
atoms or groups of atoms with an odd number of electrons once formed these are highly reactive that can start chain reaction/ this can damage dna and cell membrane, body has antioxidants to prevent damage
114
antioxidants
vitamins, amino acids that neutralize free radicals
115
Coenzyme q10
antiioxdant that body naturally produces revitalizes skincells. formulated with other natural protective ingredients to increase energy in epidermal cells. used to strengthen capillary network
116
peptides
chains of amino acids, stimulate fubroblasts to produce collagen
117
polyglucans
hydrophilic that can be absorbed into outer layer of epidermis. attract water and perseve and protect collagen and elastin
118
beta glucans
used to reduce finelines by stimulkatiting formation of collagen
119
delivery sytems
liposomes nanosomes and nantech.
120
liposome
closed lipid bilayer spheres that encase ingredients with controlled release of ingredients
121
nanosome
easily penetrate dermis, small lipid vesicles they penetrate both oil and water
122
nano tech.
reduction to one billion of a meter to create new materials and improve exciting materials active ingredients are delivered through nano tech.
123
polymers
mircfosponges that use tiny beads with pereations (holes) that release substances at controlled rate
124
a/c
alternating current a rrapid and interupped (oscilating) back and forth allowing electrons to flow in opne direction then the other
125
d.c
dirrect current , constant and even flow only in one dirrect, postive to neg or neg to postive
126
electrode
conductor and applicator of electricity
127
high frequency current
tesla, alternating current at high rate to create heat
128
conductor
substance that transmits electrical current like water and metals and body
129
faradic current
interrupted current capable of producing mechanic reactions without chemical effect, passive muscle exercise
130
viennese massage
indirect application of high frequency using spiral electrode
131
The shedding process of dead skin
Desquamation
132
Cells that produce pigment called melanin
Melanocytes
133
The hair follicle with attached sebaceous gland and arrector pili muscle
Pilosebaceous unit
134
Sweat glands located in the axillae and pubic region
apocrine
135
The ability of the skin to return to its natural PH after it's been altered
buffer capacity
136
Fibers that give skin its strength and elasticitye
elastin
137
Fibers that retail moisture and aid in wound repair
collagen
138
Which part of the body has the thinnest skin?
eyelids
139
How does oil help maintain the water level in the cells?
oil coating the skin's surface slows down water evaporation
140
In what layer of the skin does the cell division occur continuously?
basal layer
141
Where is the stratum lucidum found?
palms of the hands and soles of the feet
142
Which of these is true about sebaceous glands?
*
their glandular sacs open into the hair follicles
143
Symptom that can be seen
objective
144
Redness of the skin as a result of injury or irritation
erythema
145
Another term for itching
pruritis
146
Smooth, slighly pink, dome shaped overgrowths of scar tissue
keloid
147
Disease having a rapid onset and a short duration
acute
148
Yeast infections that causes a variety of skin disorders.
candida
149
Disorders causing redness and small pustules across the cheeks and on the nose
rosacea
150
Lesion caused by an insect bite (known as a hive)
wheal
151
This condition has smooth whitish patches on the skin as a result of melanocytes
vitiligo
152
Any mark or abnormality/modification of the skin is described as:
lesion
153
Bullae and vesicles are
blisters containing clear, watery fluid
154
A freckle is a type of:
macule
155
A keloid is a kind of:
fissure
156
The types of skin cancer caused by cumulative sun exposure are:
basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma
157
Stratum granulosum
The cells look like granules and are filled with karatohyalin
158
Stratum germinativum
Contains keratinocytes and melanocytes
159
Stratum corneum
Continually bing shed and replaced
160
Stratum lucidum
Consists of transparent cells
161
Stratum spinosum
The cells in this layer appear to have spines or thorns
162
Papillary layer
Dermal layer containing tactile corpuscules and papillae
163
Reticular layer
Skin layer containing elastic fibers
164
polyglucans and beta-glucans are
Hydrophilic
165
Molecules that guide peptides through the stratum corneum into the deeper skin layers.
a) Chaperone molecules
b) Pilot molecules
166
An overactivity of the sebaceous glands causes:
acne
167
Skin Type 1
Always burns, never tans; often blue or light green eyes, may have ephelides or lentigines, blue/pink undertone, usually blond or redhead.
168
Skin Type II
always burns, turns slightly tan; limited protection from burning rays, may have ephelides or lentigines, good candidates for aggressive peels and laser resurfacing.
169
type 3
Rarely burns, tans effortlessly; prone to pigment changes, not a candidate for laser resurfacing, dark eyes and hair.
170
Skin Type V (4)
Dark pigmented skin, rarely burns, deeply pigmented; at risk for hyperpigmentation andhypopigmentation, not a candidate for laser resurfacing or deeper peels.
171
Skin Type VI (5)
Darkest skin type, can hypo/hyperpigment, keloid; caution with peeling procedures, avoid overstimulating melanocytes.
172
