Term 2 - Energy systems and movement Flashcards by Buthmini Ranasinghe

What is a Muscle Fibre?

A muscle cell

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What is a motor unit made of?

A motor neuron and the muscle fibres activated by that neuron.

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What are the different types of motor units?

Small motor unit: For precise and controlled movements (writing, sewing, ect)

Large motor unit: For large scale movements (Kincking, running, ect)

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What are the types of muscle fibres?

Type 1, Type 2A and Type 2B

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What are the features of Type 1 Fibres?

Red in colour
Fatigue resistant
Found in endurance muscles
Aerobic respiration
small

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What are the features of Type 2A muscles

A hybrid of type 1 and type 2 muscles
Pink in colour
A mix of aerobic and anaerobic
Fast and strong muscle contractions
Prone to fatigue
Medium size

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What are the features of type 2B muscles

White in colour
Anaerobic respiration
Fatigues rapidly
Short bursts of power
Can turn in to type 2A with training
Large

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What are the three energy systems?

ATP-PC (Anaerobic)
Anaerobic glycolysis (Anaerobic)
Aerobic (Oxygen)

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How does the ATP-PC system create energy?

Breaks up the adenosine triphosphate, creating energy. The phosphocreatine then breaks up, the phosphate bonding to create ATP with a byproduct of creatine.

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What is the yield of the ATP system?

Low, limited stores of PC

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What is the fuel for the ATP-PC system?

Phosphocreatine

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How does the Anaerobic Glycolysis system work?

THrough the incomplete breakdown of glucose creating energy with a byproduct of pyurvic acid (which converts in lactate + (H+) ions)

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What does (H+) production do?

Muscle PH drops, becoming more acidic. The more acid in our muscles, the more fatigued it gets. The more the anaerobic glycolysis system is used, the more (H+) ions that accumulate.

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How long does the ATP-PC system last?

Around 10 seconds

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What is the yield of the anaerobic glycolysis system?

Low (2-3)

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What is the fuel of the anaerobic glycolysis system?

Glucose

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How does the aerobic system system create energy?

This system breaks down glucose (or lipids) to produce energy and requires aerobic respiration (oxygen).

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What is the focus of the aerobic system?

Endurance, because ATP production is slower

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How long can the anaerobic system last?

90 seconds

What is the yield of the aerobic system?

High yield

What is VO2 Maximum

The maximum amount of oxygen a person can use during intense exercise.

What is VO2 max measured in?

mL\Kg\Min

What can the VO2 max show us?

It can serve as an indicator of cardiovascular fitness and aerobic endurance.

How do you calculate absolute VO2

mLO2 x min

How do you calculate relative VO2?

(mLO2 x min) / body weight

What is the stroke volume?

Amount of blood pumped per beat

How do you calculate VO2 maximum?

Cardiac output x arteriovenous oxygen difference (AVO2 difference)

What are the three types of joints?

- Fibruous - Cartilagenous - Synovial

What are features of fibruous joints?

- Immovable - Connects two bones - protects internal organs - Weight bearing - Tissue directly connects to the bone - Skull, teeth, syndemosis of bones

What are the features of cartilagenous joints?

- Slight moveable but not a lot at all - Tough but flexible tissue - Bones joined by cartilage - pelvis, growth plates, skull base, right and left pubic bones

What are the features of synovial joints?

- The most common joint in the body - Freely moveable - Has a joint cavity - elbows, knees, ankles

What are the three classes of levers?

Frist class, second class, and third class

What is the acronym to remember the levers?

FLE (which is in the middle: fulcrum, load, effort)

What is the most common type of lever?

3rd class

What are the three muscle fibre arrangements?

Fusiform, pennate, and radiate

What are the features of fusiform muscle fibre arrangements?

They run parallel to each other and are low force muscles (belly)

What are the features of pennate muscle arrangements?

Arranged in an angle to the tendon, less flexible and more stable. (quadriceps)

What are the features of a radiate muscle fibre arrangement?

Wide spread of coverage with on attachment and capable of producing strength and power (pectoralis major)

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

- Saddle - Ball and socket - Condyloid - Hinge - Gliding - Pivot

What is the movement and features of the pivot joint?

Rotary, turns and spins through a ring-like shape formed by another bone

What are the features and movements of a gliding joint?

2 bones slide over each other where the bones are slightly curved.

What are the features and movements of the ball and socket joint?

A rounded bone fits into the concave socket of another bone, lot's of movement in every direction.

What are the features and movement of hinge joints?

A concave and convex fitting with a ligament connection. Allows flexion and extension.

What are the features and movement of a saddle joint

Fits like a ride and saddle. Side-to-side and back and forth movement.

What are the features and movements of a condyloid joint

Like a modified ball and socket, egg shape bone, no full rotation.

What are the types of joint movements?

- Flexion (reduce angle) - Extension (increase angle) - Pronation (palm down) - Supination (palm up) - Dorsiflexion (toes up) - Plantarflexion (toes down) - Abduction (away from midline) - Adduction (towards midline) - Inversion (bottom of foot faces in) - Eversion (bottom of foot faces out) - Circumduction (rotating around a point) - Rotation (rotating at a point)