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Science > Term 2 YR8 > Flashcards

Term 2 YR8 Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

what is the function of the nose

A

it warms, filters and Moisture’s air before it reaches the lungs

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2
Q

what is the function of the pharynx
(silly)

A

lined with cilia (little hairs) that trap dust particles

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3
Q

what is the function of the larynx
(laaaaaa)

A

contains the vocal cords for speech

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4
Q

what is the function of the trachea

A

pipe leading to the lungs

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5
Q

what is the function of the bronchial tube

A

pipes leading to the lungs

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6
Q

what is the function of the alveoli

A

air sacs that have thin walls and allow oxygen to pass into the blood and co2 to pass into the aveloli

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7
Q

what is the function of the diaphragm
(air in and out)

A

air in= contracts and moves downwards
air out=relaxes and moves upwards

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8
Q

what is the function of the intercostal muscles

A

muscles contract and relax to change the size of the rib cage

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9
Q

what is the function of the bronciole

A

tubes that lead into lungs from the broncus

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10
Q

how does gas exchange in the aveolus occur by diffusion?

A

The walls of the alveoli share a membrane with the capillaries.

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11
Q

what are the 3 kinds of blood vessells?

A

arteries, capillaries and viens

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12
Q

what is the function of arteries
blood type
structure

A

Function: Carry blood away from the heart.

Blood type: Usually oxygen-rich (except pulmonary arteries which carry oxygen-poor blood to the lungs).

Structure: Thick, muscular, and elastic walls to handle high pressure from the heart’s pumping action.

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13
Q

what is the function of cappillaries
blood pressure
structure
key point

A

Function: Tiny blood vessels where gas and nutrient exchange occurs between blood and tissues.

Structure: Extremely thin walls (one cell thick) to allow oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste to pass through.

Blood pressure: Drops significantly from arterial levels.

Key Point: Capillaries connect arterioles (small arteries) to venules (small veins).

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14
Q

what is the function of viens
blood pressure
structure
blood type

A

Function: Carry blood back to the heart.

Blood type: Usually oxygen-poor (except pulmonary veins which carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs).

Structure: Thinner walls than arteries, valves to prevent backflow, and skeletal muscle contractions help push blood upwards, especially from the legs.

Blood pressure: Low, so veins rely on valves and body movement.

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15
Q

Oxygenated Blood Path:

A

Lungs →

Pulmonary veins →

Left atrium →

Through the bicuspid/mitral valve →

Left ventricle →

Through the aortic valve →

Aorta →

Rest of the body

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16
Q

Deoxygenated Blood Path:

A

Upper body or lower body →

Superior vena cava (upper body) and inferior vena cava (from the lower body) →

Right atrium →

Through the tricuspid valve →

Right ventricle →

Through the pulmonary valve →

Pulmonary artery →

Lungs (blood picks up oxygen here and releases carbon dioxide)

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17
Q

there is more muscle on the _____ because of the higher _____ from the pumping _______

A

LHS
pressure
heart

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18
Q

How does nutrients and waste exchange in the capillaries by diffusion?

A

One cell-thick walls = very easy to pass nutrients (glucose, amino acids) and collect waste (co2)

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19
Q

what is the function of the mouth

A

teeth crushes, tear and grind food into smaller pieces and expose it to enzymes in saliva

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20
Q

what is the function of the oesophagus

A

muscle moves food downwards using peristalsis

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21
Q

what is the function of the stomach (what’s mechanical and chemical)

A

The stomach churns and mixes food using strong muscular contractions (mechanical digestion). Then pepsin (breaks proteins) and hydrochloric acid (kills bacteria)-chemical digestion

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22
Q

difference between chemical and mechanical digestion

Study These Flashcards
A

Mechanical:
Physically breaks food into pieces
Chewing, Churning

Chemical:
Breaks food into nutrients
Enzymes, Acids

23
Q

what is the main purpose of the digestive system

Study These Flashcards
A

to break down food into nutrients that the body can absorb and use for:

Energy

Growth

Cell repair

24
Q

Why is digestion of food necessary before absorption can take place?

Study These Flashcards
A

Digestion is necessary before absorption because food in its original form is too big and complex for the body to absorb directly.

25
what is the fuction of the small intestine
absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream. Pancreatic enzymes and bile mix with food to help digestion
26
what is the fuction of the large intestine
The large intestine absorbs water, forms stool, houses beneficial bacteria, and eliminates waste from the body.
27
what is the function of the liver
The liver produces bile for fat digestion, processes and stores nutrients, detoxifies blood, and supports metabolism.
28
what is the function of the pancreas
The pancreas makes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to aid digestion and also controls blood sugar levels through hormone production.
29
what is the function of the rectum
The rectum stores waste and sends signals to your brain when you need to defecate
30
what is the function of the anus
The anus allows controlled elimination of waste from the body during defecation with muscles called anal sphincters (internal and external)
31
what is the adaptations of the villi (small intestine)
Villi are adapted to maximize nutrient absorption by having a large surface area, thin walls, rich blood vessels, and special structures to absorb fats.
32
what is the main purpose of the respitory system?
The main purpose of the respiratory system is to bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide from it.
33
what is the main purpose of the ciculatory system
The main purpose of the circulatory system is to transport blood throughout the body, delivering essential substances and removing waste.
34
what are the types of blood and their purpose?
Red Blood Cells=Carry oxygen and some CO₂ White Blood Cells =Fight infections and defend body Platelets =Help blood clot to stop bleeding Plasma=Transport nutrients, hormones, wastes
35
what is the bone
Hard tissue that makes up the skeleton
36
what is the cartilage
Covers the ends of bones to reduce friction and absorb shock
37
what is synovial fluid
Lubricates the joint so bones can move easily
38
what is ligament
Connects bone to bone and holds the joint in place
39
what is tendon
Connects muscle to bone, allowing movement when muscles contract
40
what is the main function of the muscular system
Moves the body by pulling on bones Maintains posture and body position Supports body functions like breathing and digestion Produces heat to help control body temperature
41
what is the main function of the skeletal system
supports the body’s shape and structure Protects vital organs (e.g. brain, heart, lungs) Works with muscles to produce movement Produces blood cells in bone marrow Stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorus
42
what is Antagonistic Muscle Pairs
Muscles work in pairs because they can only pull, not push. These pairs are called antagonistic muscles. When one muscle contracts, the other relaxes to create movement.
43
what is the main purpose of the execratory system
removes waste products generated by chemical reactions in the body, helping to maintain a stable internal environment.
44
what is the function of the kidney
How the kidneys work: 1. Filtering Blood: 2. Balancing Substances: The kidneys regulate the levels of water and salts in the blood, ensuring they remain at safe concentrations. 3. Urine Production: The filtered waste and excess water form a liquid called urine. This process ensures that harmful substances are removed while keeping the blood clean and chemically balanced.
45
what is the function of the ureters
Ureters: Urine travels from each kidney through tubes called ureters to the bladder.
46
what is the function of the bladder
The bladder stores urine temporarily and can hold up to 400 mL.
47
what is the function of the uretha
When the bladder is full, urine is expelled from the body through a tube called the urethra.
48
define excreation
Excretion is the process by which waste products made by the body’s cells are removed from the body.
49
Outline the excretory function of the lungs
What: Carbon dioxide, water vapor How: Exhaled through breathing
50
Outline the excretory function of the liver.
What: Urea, toxins, old cells How: Filters blood, converts wastes, and sends to the kidneys
51
define growth
increases the size of the orangism=increase in number of cells
52
define development
change in an organism leading to maturity. involves cells differentiating into specialist cells, the specialist cells increase in number to make differnt tissues and organs
53
define repair
process of restoring damaged tissue to a good condition; this involves replacing damaged cells with new cells

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