term 3

Question 1

The largest bones of the arm and the leg are the:

Answer 1

Humerus/Femur

Question 2

The nutrients that become part of the bone matrix are:

Answer 2

calcium and phophrous

Question 3

The cells that produce bone matrix and those that reabsorb bone matrix are called:

Answer 3

osteoblasts/osteoclasts

Question 4

Red bone marrow is found in the:

Answer 4

spongy bone in flat and irregular bones

Question 5

Red bone marrow produces these cells:

Answer 5

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

Question 6

All of the following are irregular bones except:

Answer 6

metacarpals

Question 7

The malleus, incus, and stapes are within the __ bone and concerned within __.

Answer 7

temporal / hearing

Question 8

Sutures are the __joints of the __.

Answer 8

immovable /skull

Question 9

The fontanels of a baby’s skull are made of:

Answer 9

fiborous connective tissue

Question 10

The vitamin necessary for efficient absorption of calcium and phosphorus by the small intestine is:

Answer 10

vitamin D

Question 11

An example of a ball-and-socket joint is the one between the:

Answer 11

femur and hip bone

Question 12

For bones, the terms, “exercise” and “stress” mean:

Answer 12

bearing weight

Question 13

These bones are all part of the axial skeleton except the:

Answer 13

hip bone

Question 14

In the embryo, the bones of the arms and legs are first made of:

Answer 14

cartiladge

Question 15

Which bone is not part of the braincase that protects the brain?

Answer 15

mandible

Question 16

Which hormone increases the rate of mitosis in growing bones?

Answer 16

growth hormone

Question 17

Which joint is not a freely movable joint?(Diarthrosis

Answer 17

symphsis

Question 18

In the long bones of a child, the part of the bone that is actually growing is the:

Answer 18

epiphyseal disc

Question 19

The hormones that regulate blood calcium level by regulating calcium intake or output from bones are:

Answer 19

calcitonin and parathyroid

Question 20

The structure not directly involved in the functioning of a synovial joint is the:

Answer 20

marrow canal

Question 21

The largest and strongest vertebrae are the:

Answer 21

lumbar

Question 22

Which of the following bones do not protect an internal organ?

Answer 22

phalanges

Question 23

The pituitary gland is directly protected by the:

Answer 23

sphenoid bone

Question 24

The intervertebral discs are made of:

Answer 24

cartilage

Question 25

Which statement is true of the tissues of the skeletal system?

Answer 25

Blood cells are produced by red bone marrow found in spongy bone

Question 26

Which statement is true of hormones and bone growth?

Answer 26

Calcitonin decreases the reabsorption of calcium from bones.

Question 27

New bone matrix is produced by cells called __?

Answer 27

osteoblast

Question 28

Vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of calcium by the ____?

Answer 28

small intestine

Question 29

The rib cage protects the ___?

Answer 29

heart and lung

Question 30

Synovial Fliud ___ friction within the joint cavity?

Answer 30

decrease

Question 31

The hinge joint between the femur and ___ permits movement in one plane at a time?

Answer 31

tibia

Question 32

The only movable joint is the condyloid joint between the temporal bone and the ____?

Answer 32

mandible

Question 33

The hip bone articulates with the __?

Answer 33

sacrum

Question 34

The only weight-bearing bone in the lower leg is the ___?

Answer 34

tibia

Question 35

During inhalation the ribs are___ & ___ to expand the lungs?

Answer 35

in and out

Question 36

There are _ carpals in each wrist & __ phalanges in each hand?

Answer 36

8 &16

Question 37

Which of the following statements are true of the axial skeleton?

Answer 37

The paranasal sinuses make the skill lighter in weight. - The vertebral canal contains the meninges and spinal cord. - The rib cage protects the liver as well as the lungs from mechanical injury.

Question 38

Which of the following are true of the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 38

- the scapula and clavicle attach the arm to the axial skeleton. - The tibia and fibula are to the what the radius and ulna are to the arm. -Both the humerus and femur have projections for muscuos

Question 39

Which of the following statements are true of joints?

Answer 39

- Gliding joints between carpals permit movement at the wrist. - The most movable type of joint is the ball-and-socket joint. -Both the elbow and the knee are hinge joints.

Question 40

The contracting proteins within a muscle fiber are:

Answer 40

myocin and actin

Question 41

When a muscle contracts, it:

Answer 41

shortens and pull bones

Question 42

Muscles are attached to bones by:

Answer 42

tendons

Question 43

Some oxygen may be stored within muscle fibers bonded to the protein?

Answer 43

myoglobin

Question 44

An antagonist to a muscle that flexes the arm would be a muscle that:

Answer 44

extends the arm

Question 45

The axon terminal of a motor neuron releases?

Answer 45

acetylcholine

Question 46

Acetylcholine makes the sacolemma more permiable to:

Answer 46

sodium ion

Question 47

The most abundant source of energy in a muscle fiber is:

Answer 47

glycogen

Question 48

The part of the brain that coordinates voluntary movement is the:

Answer 48

cerebellum

Question 49

The neuromuscular junction refers to the:

Answer 49

axon terminal, synapse, and sarcolemma

Question 50

Unconscious muscle sense is integrated by the:

Answer 50

cerebellum, and we are unaware of it

Question 51

The more movable attachment of a muscle of a muscle to a bone is called the:

Answer 51

inserton

Question 52

Good muscle tone is important to :

Answer 52

maintain posture and maintain body heat

Question 53

Muscle fatigue is the result of the lack of ___ and the production of __?

Answer 53

oxygen/lactic acid

Question 54

The specific part of the brain that initiates muscle contraction is the:

Answer 54

frontal lobe

Question 55

During exercise, the blood flow within a muscle is increased by:

Answer 55

vasodilation

Question 56

The ligaments that connect bones are anchored the:

Answer 56

periosteum

Question 57

Epiphyseal Disc

Answer 57

- Growth plate

Question 58

fascia

Answer 58

band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and seperates muscle

Question 59

Suture

Answer 59

immovable fibrous joints that connect the bones of the adult skull

Question 60

Pivot

Answer 60

Atlas & axis (neck)

Question 61

Ball & Socket exa.

Answer 61

Hip and shoulder

Question 62

Hinge Joint, example

Answer 62

elbow & knee

Question 63

Hemopoesis

Answer 63

RBC formation

Question 64

Synovial Joints:

Answer 64

Found where bones articulate with each other

Question 65

Why is stress needed?

Answer 65

to maintain calcium and phosphorus in the bones

Question 66

Location of Red Bone Marrow:

Answer 66

Spongy bone

Question 67

Osteoclasts:

Answer 67

bone reabsorption

Question 68

Osteocytes:

Answer 68

produce matrix (shaft)

Question 69

Osteoblasts:

Answer 69

produce bone cells

Question 70

Functions of the skeleton

Answer 70

- framework - protection of internal organs - mineral storage(Ca, phosphorus) - movement

Question 71

Raises blood calcium level

Answer 71

PTH

Question 72

Lowers blood calcium level

Answer 72

calcitonin

Question 73

Parathyroid Hormone

Answer 73

- parathyroid gland - keeps calcium in the blood - Increases the reabsorption of calcium by the small intestines and kidneys

Question 74

Growth Hormone

Answer 74

- Anterior Pituitary | - Increases protein synthesis and the rate of mitosis of chodrocytes in cartilage

Question 75

Thyroxine -T4

Answer 75

Thyroid Gland - regulate metabolism - Increases protein synthesis and energy production from all food types

Question 76

Calcitonin

Answer 76

- Thyroid Gland - keeps calcium in the bone - Decreases the reabsorption of calcium from bones

Question 77

Protein

Answer 77

Becomes part of the collagen in bone matrix

Question 78

Ligaments

Answer 78

bone to bone

Question 79

tendons

Answer 79

muscle to bone

Question 80

The membrane that covers the rest of the bone is called the ___, and is made of ___?

Answer 80

periosteum / fibrous connective tissue

Question 81

The periosteum contains__ that enter the bone itself.

Answer 81

blood vessels

Question 82

The tissue that covers the joint surfaces of the bones is called:

Answer 82

articular cartilage

Question 83

Some oxygen is stored in muscles by the protein __?

Answer 83

myoglobin

Question 84

Osteocytes:

Answer 84

- Regulate the amount of calcium in the bone matrix | - bone cells

Question 85

The product of cell respiration that is considered a waste product is:

Answer 85

Carbon dioxide

Question 86

Synergistic muscles are those that have the same:

Answer 86

function

Question 87

Muscles are attached to bones by tendons, which are made of ___?

Answer 87

fibrous connective tissue

Question 88

The direct energy source for contraction is___?

Answer 88

ATP

Question 89

Some oxygen is stored in muscles by the protein __?

Answer 89

myoglobin

Question 90

Spongy Bone:

Answer 90

Contains osteocytes and bone matrix, but these are not arranged in haversian systems -often contains red bone marrow

Question 91

Flat Bones:

Answer 91

- Pelvic bone, cranial bone, ribs - Made of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone -The spongy bone contains yellow bone marrow

Question 92

Irregular Bones:

Answer 92

- Vertebrae, Facial bones - Made of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone - The spongy bone contains red bone marrow

Question 93

Long Bones:

Answer 93

- Bones of the arms, legs, hands, and feet. - Each consists of a diaphysis made of compact bone and epiphysis made of spongy bone - The marrow canal contains yellow bone marrow

Question 94

Short Bone: -

Answer 94

Wrist and ankle bones - Made of spongy bone covered with a thin layer of compact bone - The spongy bone contains yellow bone marrow

Question 95

What is lordosis ?

Answer 95

Curvature of the lumbar

Question 96

What is kyphosis ?

Answer 96

Curvature of the Thoriac

Question 97

What is scoliosis ?

Answer 97

Curvature of the Thoriac | Bilateral or unilateral

Question 98

What is acetabulum ?

Answer 98

The socket in the hip