Term 3 Anatomy

Question 1

Define Biomechanics

Answer 1

Study of the laws of mechanics related to motion.

Question 2

Define Functional Anatomy

Answer 2

Study of function of muscles and bones in movement

Question 3

What are the 2 parts of the skeleton?

Answer 3

Axial and Appendicular

Question 4

Which skeleton part is the spine and head?

Answer 4

Axial

Question 5

Which skeleton part is the outer extremities?

Answer 5

Appendicular

Question 6

What are the 6 functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 6

Support, Protection, Movement, Mineral Storage, Blood Cell production, Energy Storage

Question 7

What does the skeletal system protect?

Answer 7

Internal organs

Question 8

T or F: Red bone marrow makes blood cells.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

T or F: The skeletal system stores water.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

What are the 4 classifications of bones?

Answer 10

Long, Short, Flat, Irregular

Question 11

What is an example of flat bones?

Answer 11

Skull, breast/chest

Question 12

What is an example of irregular bones?

Answer 12

vertebrae, Facial bones, shoulder blades

Question 13

What are the 3 joint classifications?

Answer 13

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

Question 14

Explain the Cartilaginous joint function

Answer 14

The joint has no cavity, only held by cartilage

Question 15

Name the 6 structures of a Synovial joint

Answer 15

Articular capsule, Articular cartilage, synovial fluid, bursa, tendons, ligaments

Question 16

What is Synovial Fluid?

Answer 16

A secretion that nourishes the articular cartilage

Question 17

Where is synovial fluid stored?

Answer 17

in the bursa

Question 18

Name the 6 types of Synovial joints

Answer 18

Gliding, Hinge, Pivot, Saddle, Ball and socket

Question 19

What is the difference between origin and insertion of muscles?

Answer 19

Origin is the muscle attached to less movable bone, while insertion is more movable bone

Question 20

How does movement in the body happen?

Answer 20

Muscles convert chemical energy into mechanical energy

Question 21

What are the 3 types of muscle?

Answer 21

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

Question 22

What does the cardiac muscle create?

Answer 22

Forms most of the heart

Question 23

What is smooth muscle?

Answer 23

Smooth muscle is the muscle on the walls on internal structures, such as intestines

Question 24

What are the 3 functions of muscle?

Answer 24

Movement to walk, digest, and excrete, stabilization, generate heat

Question 25

T or F: muscles are arranged together to oppose each others motion

Answer 25

True

Question 26

T or F: Muscles only do 2 actions

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What are the 2 actions muscles do?

Answer 27

Contraction and Relaxation

Question 28

What are the 3 muscle relationship classifications?

Answer 28

Agonist, Antagonist, Stabiliser

Question 29

What does the agonist do?

Answer 29

Agonist contracts to cause the desired movement

Question 30

What are the 2 types of stabilisers?

Answer 30

Synergists, Fixators

Question 31

What is a fixator?

Answer 31

Muscle which stabilisers the joint of a movement

Question 32

What are the 2 main types of contractions?

Answer 32

Isotonic, Isometric

Question 33

T or F: Metric is a type of contraction

Answer 33

False

Question 34

What is a isotonic contraction?

Answer 34

When the muscle changes length during the contraction

Question 35

T or F: Concentric contractions is when the muscle lengthens

Answer 35

False

Question 36

Do isometric contractions lengthen the muscle or shorten it?

Answer 36

Neither, the muscle does not change length during isometric contractions

Question 37

Examples of isometric contractions

Answer 37

Squat hold, plank

Question 38

What are the 5 principles in biomechanics?

Answer 38

Force (production), Motion, Balance/stability, Levers and Bernoulli's principle

Question 39

T or F: Biomechanics can make athletes techniques worse

Answer 39

False

Question 40

Define force

Answer 40

Anything that causes or has the potential to cause movement of an object

Question 41

How do you calculate Force?

Answer 41

Force = Mass (kg) x Acceleration (m/s)

Question 42

What are the 2 different types of force (in biomechanics)

Answer 42

Internal and External

Question 43

What are the 2 types of external forces (in biomechanics)

Answer 43

Contact forces, non-contact

Question 44

How many types of contact forces are there?

Answer 44

6

Question 45

What are the contact forces?

Answer 45

Ground reaction, joint reaction, friction, fluid resistance, inertial force, elastic force

Question 46

T or F: air resistance is a type of friction force

Answer 46

True, because it is counted as friction

Question 47

Define Force Production

Answer 47

Ability of the body to generate movement against resistance

Question 48

What are the 3 biomechanical concepts involved in force production?

Answer 48

Momentum, Summation of force, impulse

Question 49

How do you calculate momentum?

Answer 49

Mass (kg) x Velocity (m/s)

Question 50

T or F: Momentum can be lost

Answer 50

False

Question 51

How does conservation of momentum work?

Answer 51

Momentum is transferred from one object to another

Question 52

T or F: Summation of forces means the largest force

Answer 52

False

Question 53

What influences summation of force?

Answer 53

Number of body parts, order and timing, force and velocity generated, way in which body is balanced

Question 54

T or F: Balance affects total power exerted.

Answer 54

True

Question 55

What is impulse (in biomechanics)?

Answer 55

Combined effort of force and time.

Question 56

Which requires more force, a jump or hitting a baseball with a bat?

Answer 56

Baseball, because the time is shorter, so need a larger force

Question 57

What are the 4 types of motion

Answer 57

Linear, Curvilinear, Angular, General

Question 58

What is curvilinear motion?

Answer 58

Any motion on a curved line

Question 59

What is angular motion?

Answer 59

Any motion around a central point

Question 60

T or F: Angular motion can only happen outside of the body

Answer 60

False

Question 61

Example of general motion

Answer 61

Running, spinning ball

Question 62

What is displacement?

Answer 62

Distance from start

Question 63

What is difference between velocity and speed?

Answer 63

Velocity is speed with a direction

Question 64

What is Newton's 1st law?

Answer 64

An object will not move until force put on

Question 65

How many Law's does Newton have?

Answer 65

3

Question 66

T or F: F=MxA is Newton's 3rd law

Answer 66

False

Question 67

What is Newton's 3rd law?

Answer 67

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

Question 68

T or F: only round objects in the air are considered projectiles

Answer 68

False, all aerial objects are considered projectiles

Question 69

2 main types of sport projectiles are?

Answer 69

Implements, bodies

Question 70

What are implements?

Answer 70

Equipment thrown into the air during sports

Question 71

What is trajectory?

Answer 71

The line an object travels on while in the air

Question 72

What 2 external factors affect trajectory?

Answer 72

Drag, gravity

Question 73

What 3 release factors affect trajectory?

Answer 73

angle, height, and speed of release

Question 74

T or F: 45 degrees is the best angle of release, always

Answer 74

False

Question 75

T or F: hydro balance is a type of balance

Answer 75

False

Question 76

What are the 2 types of balance?

Answer 76

Static and dynamic

Question 77

How does Centre of gravity affect the base of gravity

Answer 77

To have the strongest stability your center of gravity needs to be over your base of support

Question 78

T or F: Mass decreases stability

Answer 78

False

Question 79

T or F: Levers make it easier to lift heavy objects

Answer 79

False

Question 80

What are the 3 parts of a lever?

Answer 80

Load, force, fulcrum

Question 81

T or F: Fulcrum is a joint

Answer 81

False

Question 82

How many types of levers are there?

Answer 82

3

Question 83

Where is the fulcrum placed for a 2nd class lever?

Answer 83

Next to the resistance on the edge

Question 84

Which part of a lever is in the middle for a 3rd class lever?

Answer 84

Force

Question 85

What is mechanical advantage?

Answer 85

Being able to increase load without increasing force

Question 86

Which levers create mechanical advantage?

Answer 86

1st and 2nd class

Question 87

Which type of lever is bobbing your head up and down?

Answer 87

1st class Fulcrum: neck Load: Head Force: Neck tendons

Question 88

T or F: calf raises is an example of 2nd class levers

Answer 88

True

Question 89

What are levers in the body called?

Answer 89

Anatomical levers

Question 90

T or F: Tall athletes have an advantage in weightlifting

Answer 90

False

Question 91

Which arm is bigger for a force multiplier?

Answer 91

The force arm

Question 92

Which arm is bigger for a speed multiplier?

Answer 92

The Resistance arm

Question 93

What is flextion?

Answer 93

Decreasing angle between bones

Question 94

What is adduction?

Answer 94

Moving bone towards body

Question 95

What is abduction?

Answer 95

Moving bone away body