Term 4 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are physical maps?
illustrate features and landforms of an area such as lakes, mountains, rivers and coasts.
What are political maps?
illustrate state and national boundaries, capital cities and major cities.
What are choropleth maps?
thematic map that uses colours or shading to represent areas with the same characteristics. (e.g. land use, climate zones, population density)
What are topographic maps?
use contour lines to show the shape of the land as well as important natural and human features such as landforms, vegetation and roads.
What are flowline maps?
uses arrows to show the flows of people, goods, information or ideas between places. The thickness of the line represents the volume of flow.
What are relief maps?
either a 2D or 3D map that represents terrain and landforms (the shape of the land).
Define urbanisation
The process of social and economic change that takes place as increasing numbers of people move from rural areas (eg. Farms) to urban areas (eg. Cities).
Define megacity
A city with a population of more than 10 million people.
What does HDI stand for, and what are the factors that contribute to it?
1) Human Development Index
2) life expectancy, mean years of schooling (education), gross national income per capita
Slums
Dense informal settlements in urban areas where residents do not have legal claim to their land.
Immigrate vs Emigrate vs Migrate
Immigrate: you move INTO another country
Emigrate: you EXIT a country to move to another
Migrate: (more of a general term); the change of residence by an individual or group within a country or between countries
What does PQE stand for?
Pattern, Quantify, Explain
Dispersed vs Nucleated vs Linear. What are the characteristics and differences between these 3 settlements?
Dispersed: More messy, not very organised. Usually found in rural areas and farming villages. Less settlements.
Nucleated: Builds up around a central point; will eventually turn into a CBD (central business district). Half organised.
Linear: Organised. Fires may spread easily. Linear settlements may be formed because of natural/human features like road and river shape.
Define urban sprawl.
The spread of urban developments to less developed areas
What does GDP stand for? What is it? What ranking is Australia in GDP?
1) Gross domestic product
2) Amount of money a country makes in a year
3) 13th
What is a push vs pull factor? Give example(s).
push- something that causes you to flee a place
e.g wars, cost of living
pull- something that attracts you to a place
e.g. better education, more suitable lifestyle
What is rapid urbanization?
The rapid growth of population in urban areas.
Define population distribution
A term used to describe how people are spread across a specific area.
Examples of terms to describe population distribution: scattered, random
What is HDI measured on a scale of? Give an example of a country with high vs low HDI.
1) on a scale of 0-1.
2) niger is low, norway is high
What are the ECONOMIC effects of rapid urbanization?
Positive:
Increased job opportunities
Improved infrastructure
Higher income levels
Negative:
Income Inequality
Cost of living surges
Pressure on Resources (Rapid development strains water, energy and land resources)
What are the SOCIAL effects of rapid urbanization?
Positive:
Access to Services (better healthcare, education, and social services)
Enhanced Quality of Life (Improved infrastructure and job availability
Diverse populations foster cultural exchange
Negative:
Overcrowding
Loss of Community (like losing a relationship with the group of people living in the area originally)
Urban Poverty
What are the ENVIRONMENTAL effects of rapid urbanization?
Positive:
Green Building Initiatives (eco-friendly buildings reduce energy use)
Investments in Public Transportation reduce pollution
Efficient City Design (only when there’s little urban sprawl)
Negative:
Air Pollution
Loss of Farmland (when expanding cities the land encroaches on natural habitats of fauna and flora)
More waste
Define urban sprawl
The uncontrolled expansion of cities and towns into rural or undeveloped land.
