Term Test 1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Science that studies the form and composition of the body’s structures

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Science that studies the chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of the body’s functions

Question 3

Levels of anatomy

Answer 3

Gross vs microscopic anatomy

Question 4

Levels of organisation

Answer 4

Tissue level
Cellular level
Chemical level
Organism level
Organ system level
Organ level

Question 5

Tissue level

Answer 5

Group of cells and cell products that work together to perform one or more specific functions

Question 6

Cellular Level

Answer 6

Smallest living units of the body, functions depend on the cell’s organelles

Question 7

Chemical Level

Answer 7

Smallest stable units of matter that combine to form molecules with complex shapes

Question 8

Organism Level

Answer 8

Where organ systems work together to maintain the functions of the organism

Question 9

Organ System Level

Answer 9

Organs that work together (11 in the body)

Question 10

Organ Level

Answer 10

Two or more tissues working together to perform several functions

Question 11

Homeostasis

Answer 11

The integrative action of the systems of an organism that result in the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite variations in external conditions

Question 12

Homeostatic regulation

Answer 12

The adjustment of physiological systems to preserve homeostasis

Question 13

Homeostatic regulation relies on:

Answer 13

Receptor (or sensor): sensitive to a particular variable or stimulus;

Control centre (or integration centre): receives and processes information supplied by the receptor;

Effector: responds to the commands of the control centre to either oppose (negative feedback) or enhance the stimulus (positive feedback).

Question 14

Negative feedback

Answer 14

The primary mechanism of homeostatic regulation

Question 15

Positive feedback loops

Answer 15

Involves stimuli that produce a response that exaggerates or enhances the original change (rather than opposing it). Do not restore homeostasis and produce extreme responses due to the escalating cycle. Typical occurs when dangerous or stressful processes must be completed quickly before the body can restore homeostasis

Question 16

Anatomical position

Answer 16

Body standing upright, toes and palms forward

Question 17

Anatomical regional terms:

Answer 17

Head: cranial, frons, facial, etc.

Arm (upper limb): axillary, acromial, brachial, antebrachial, olecranal, carpal, manus, polex, digits, etc.

Back: dorsal, lumbus, etc.

Trunk: thoracic, mammary, etc.

Legs (lower limb): pubic, gluteus, femoral, patellar, crural, tarsal, pedal, digits, etc.

Question 18

Supine Position

Answer 18

Laying down facing upwards

Question 19

Prone position

Answer 19

laying down facing downwards

Question 20

Anterior

Answer 20

towards the front of the body,
in front of

Question 21

Ventral

Answer 21

Towards the belly

Question 22

Posterior

Answer 22

towards the back of the body, behind

Question 23

Dorsal

Answer 23

towards the back