Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIO208 > Term Test 2 > Flashcards

Term Test 2 Flashcards

(100 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Acromion

A

flattened bony process that extends laterally from the scapular spine to form the bony tip of the
shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Agonist

A

(also, prime mover) muscle whose contraction is responsible for producing a particular motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Antagonist

A

muscle that opposes the action of an agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ball-and-Socket Joint

A

synovial joint formed between the spherical end of one bone (the ball) that fits into the
depression of a second bone (the socket); found at the hip and shoulder joints; functionally
classified as a multiaxial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bi

A

Two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

two-headed muscle that crosses the shoulder and elbow joints to flex the forearm while
assisting in supinating it and flexing the arm at the shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Condyloid Joint

A

synovial joint in which the shallow depression at the end of one bone receives a rounded end
from a second bone or a rounded structure formed by two bones; found at the
metacarpophalangeal joints of the fingers or the radiocarpal joint of the wrist; functionally
classified as a biaxial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Contractility

A

ability to shorten (contract) forcibly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Contraction Phase

A

twitch contraction phase when tension increases action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Coracoid Process

A

short, hook-like process that projects anteriorly and laterally from the superior margin of the
scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Costal Cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage structure attached to the anterior end of each rib that provides for either direct
or indirect attachment of most ribs to the sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Deltoid

A

shoulder muscle that abducts the arm as well as flexes and medially rotates it, and extends
and laterally rotates it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Deltoid Tuberosity

A

roughened, V-shaped region located laterally on the mid-shaft of the humerus
extensor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Extensor Carpi Ulnarius

A

muscle that extends and adducts the hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fixator

A

synergist that assists an agonist by preventing or reducing movement at another joint, thereby
stabilizing the origin of the agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

muscle that flexes and adducts the hand at the wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Glenohumeral Joint

A

shoulder joint; formed by the articulation between the glenoid cavity of the scapula and the
head of the humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Glenoid Cavity

A

(also, glenoid fossa) shallow depression located on the lateral scapula, between the superior
and lateral borders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hamate

A

from the lateral side, the fourth of the four distal carpal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Head of the Humerus

A

smooth, rounded region on the medial side of the proximal humerus; articulates with the
glenoid fossa of the scapula to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hinge Joint

A

synovial joint at which the convex surface of one bone articulates with the concave surface of a
second bone; includes the elbow, knee, ankle, and interphalangeal joints; functionally classified
as a uniaxial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hook of the Hamate Bone

A

bony extension located on the anterior side of the hamate carpal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Iliac Crest

A

curved, superior margin of the ilium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Infraglenoid Tubercle

A

small bump or roughened area located on the lateral border of the scapula, near the inferior
margin of the glenoid cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Intertubercular Groove (sulcus)
bicipital groove; narrow groove located between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus
26
Latent Period
the time when a twitch does not produce contraction
27
Lateral Epicondyle of the Humerus
small projection located on the lateral side of the distal humerus
28
Latissimus Dorsi
broad, triangular axial muscle located on the inferior part of the back
29
Medial Border of the Scapula
elongated, medial margin of the scapula
30
Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus
enlarged projection located on the medial side of the distal humerus
31
Motor Unit
motor neuron and the group of muscle fibers it innervates
32
Muscle Tension
force generated by the contraction of the muscle; tension generated during isotonic contractions and isometric contractions
33
Muscle Tone
low levels of muscle contraction that occur when a muscle is not producing movement
34
Myogram
instrument used to measure twitch tension
35
Olecranon Process
expanded posterior and superior portions of the proximal ulna; forms the bony tip of the elbow
36
Opponens Digiti (minimi)
muscle that brings the little finger across the palm to meet the thumb
37
Pectoral Girdle
shoulder girdle, made up of the clavicle and scapula
38
Pectoralis Major
thick, fan-shaped axial muscle that covers much of the superior thorax
39
Pectoralis Minor
muscle that moves the scapula and assists in inhalation
40
Prime Mover (aka agonist)
principle muscle involved in an action
41
Pronator Teres
pronator that originates on the humerus and inserts on the radius
42
Recruitment
increase in the number of motor units involved in contraction
43
Relaxation Phase
period after twitch contraction when tension decreases
44
Rhomboid Major
muscle that attaches the vertebral border of the scapula to the spinous process of the thoracic vertebrae
45
Spine of the Scapula
prominent ridge passing mediolaterally across the upper portion of the posterior scapular surface
46
Supinator
muscle that moves the palm and forearm anteriorly
47
Supraglenoid Tubercle
small bump located at the superior margin of the glenoid cavity
48
Synergist
muscle whose contraction helps a prime mover in an action
49
Tetanus
a continuous fused contraction
50
Trapezius
muscle that stabilizes the upper part of the back
51
Tri
Three
52
Triceps Brachii
three-headed muscle that extends the forearm
53
Twitch
single contraction produced by one action potential
54
Wave Summation
addition of successive neural stimuli to produce greater contraction change in voltage of a cell membrane in response to a stimulus that results in transmission of an electrical signal; unique to neurons and muscle fibers
55
Activation Gate
part of the voltage-gated Na+ channel that opens when the membrane voltage reaches threshold
56
Axon
single process of the neuron that carries an electrical signal (action potential) away from the cell body toward a target cell
57
Axon Hillock
tapering of the neuron cell body that gives rise to the axon
58
Axon Segment
single stretch of the axon insulated by myelin and bounded by nodes of Ranvier at either end (except for the first, which is after the initial segment, and the last, which is followed by the axon terminal)
59
Axon Terminal
end of the axon, where there are usually several branches extending toward the target cell
60
Axoplasm
cytoplasm of an axon, which is different in composition than the cytoplasm of the neuronal cell body
61
Dendrite
one of many branchlike processes that extends from the neuron cell body and functions as a contact for incoming signals (synapses) from other neurons or sensory cells
62
Depolarization
change in a cell membrane potential from rest toward zero
63
External Oblique
superficial abdominal muscle with fascicles that extend inferiorly and medially flattened bony process that extends laterally from the scapular spine to form the bony tip of the shoulder
64
Facial Nerve
cranial nerve VII (seven) extending from brain stem area to the facial muscles through stylomastoid foramen
65
Foramen Ovale of the Middle Cranial Fossa
oval-shaped opening in the floor of the middle cranial fossa
66
Hyperpolarization
while the K+ channels are open, membrane goes slightly over the resting potential
67
Inactivation Gate
part of a voltage-gated Na+ channel that closes when the membrane potential reaches +30 mV insertion
68
Insertion
end of a skeletal muscle that is attached to the structure (usually a bone) that is moved when the muscle contracts
69
Internal Oblique
flat, intermediate abdominal muscle with fascicles that run perpendicular to those of the external oblique
70
Jugular Foramen
irregularly shaped opening located in the lateral floor of the posterior cranial cavity
71
Lateral Pterygoid
muscle that moves the mandible from side to side
72
Linea Alba
white, fibrous band that runs along the midline of the trunk
73
Masseter
main muscle for chewing that elevates the mandible to close the mouth
74
Mastication
Chewing
75
Mastoid Process
large bony prominence on the inferior, lateral skull, just behind the earlobe
76
Membrane Potential
distribution of charge across the cell membrane, based on the charges of ions
77
Nerve
cord-like bundle of axons located in the peripheral nervous system that transmits sensory input and response output to and from the central nervous system
78
Neuron
neural tissue cell that is primarily responsible for generating and propagating electrical signals into, within, and out of the nervous system
79
Oblique
At an angle
80
Orbicularis Oculi
circular muscle that closes the eye
81
Orbicularis Oris
circular muscle that moves the lips
82
Origin
end of a skeletal muscle that is attached to another structure (usually a bone) in a fixed position
83
Rectus Abdominis
long, linear muscle that extends along the middle of the trunk
84
Refractory Period
time after the initiation of an action potential when another action potential cannot be generated
85
Repolarization
return of the membrane potential to its normally negative voltage at the end of the action potential
86
Resting Membrane Potential
the difference in voltage measured across a cell membrane under steady-state conditions, typically -70 mV
87
Phrenic Nerve
nerve is connected to the spinal cord at cervical levels 3 to 5 responsible for the muscle contractions that drive ventilation
88
Spinal Cord
organ of the central nervous system found within the vertebral cavity and connected with the periphery through spinal nerves; mediates reflex behaviors
89
Splenius Capitis
neck muscle that inserts into the head region
90
Sternocleidomastoid
major muscle that laterally flexes and rotates the head
91
Stylomastoid Foramen
opening located on inferior skull, between the styloid process and mastoid process styloid
92
Styloid Process
downward projecting, elongated bony process located on the inferior aspect of the skull
93
Synapse
narrow junction across which a chemical signal passes from neuron to the next, initiating a new electrical signal in the target cell
94
Synaptic Cleft
small gap between cells in a chemical synapse where neurotransmitter diffuses from the presynaptic element to the postsynaptic element
95
Temporalis
muscle that retracts the mandible
96
Threshold
membrane voltage at which an action potential is initiated
97
Transversus Abdominus
muscle that compresses abdominal viscera
98
Trigeminal Nerve
cranial nerve V (five) extending from brain stem area to the jaw muscles through foramen ovale
99
Voltage-Gated Channel
ion channel that opens because of a change in the charge distributed across the membrane where it is located
100
Zygomaticus Major
muscle that draws upper lip upwards

BIO208 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions