Term Test 3: In Ovo Technology

Question 1

In ovo vaccination is when vaccine is administered to _ of egg

Answer 1

inside

Question 2

First successful in ovo vaccination took place in

Answer 2

1980

Question 3

First publication of in ovo vaccination

Answer 3

1982

Question 4

Patent registration in U.S

Answer 4

1984

Question 5

Patent rights granted to Embrex Inc. in

Answer 5

1985

Question 6

First commercial equipment avalible in

Answer 6

1992

Question 7

Critical Aspects of MACHINE involved In Ovo vaccination

Answer 7

Needle Sanitation
Vaccine type concentration
Aseptic handling

Question 8

Critical Aspects of Egg involved In Ovo vaccination

Answer 8

Egg location
Shell penetration

Question 9

Critical Aspects of Embryo involved In Ovo vaccination

Answer 9

Site of injection
Embryo Stage

Question 10

5 Guiding Principles of Success

Answer 10

Egg location
Shell penetration
Sanitation
Site of Injection - Don’t want to penetrate embryonic sac
Vaccine Specifications

Question 11

What is used to position egg correctly in vaccination machine and ensures proper alignment with punch and needle during vaccination

Answer 11

Locator Cup

Question 12

What is designed for egg penetration, used to create a small hole in eggshell so vaccine can be injected

Answer 12

Punch

Question 13

What is located inside the punch, used to inject vaccine into egg

Answer 13

Needle

Question 14

Needle being inside punch permits?

Answer 14

targeted, efficient sanitation of contact points of injection mechanism

Question 15

How are pathogens reduced between injections and prevents egg-to-egg bacterial
carryover

Answer 15

Sanitation between injections

Question 16

Common Sources of Bacterial Contamination of In Ovo Vaccine: Vaccine Thaw Bath

Answer 16

Distilled Water > Tap Water
Hands - Opening wet ampules
General Hygiene of thaw bath
Chlorine in thaw bath (can’t be too high or too low)

Question 17

Vaccine Prep Area

Answer 17

Use only for vaccine preparation
Keep room clean, sanitize weekly
Clean air supply, positive pressure

Question 18

Recent In Ovo Machine Improvements
1. Injection Process

Answer 18

Improved locating on egg
Punch speed at 20 in/sec.
Reduced punch and needle stress
Egg support added to all flat types

Question 19

Recent In Ovo Machine Improvements
2. Egg Handling

Answer 19

Rubber suction cups
Haylo

Question 20

Wired egg handling system made up of flexible wire and the material Nitinol (commonly used in medical applications) is called?

Answer 20

Haylo

Question 21

Hatching Basket Sanitation

Answer 21

Clean, Disinfect, Dry

Question 22

Site of Injection - d embryo, vaccination window is between _ days and _ hours of incubation to _ days and _ hours of incubation, embryo should be in position to hatch ( under _ wing), the stalk of the yolk sac should be entering the _, maximum -% _ eggs

Answer 22

18, 17, 12, 19, 4, head, right, abdomen, 1, 2, pipping

Question 23

Egg Compartments

Answer 23

Air Cell, Allantois, Amnion, Yolk, Embro

Question 24

Acceptable Method of In Ovo Vaccination Sites

Answer 24

Needle in Amnion, Amniotic Fluid, IM

Question 25

Day 18 - Majority Injection Site

Answer 25

Amnion

Question 26

Day 19 - Majority Injection Site

Answer 26

Embryo

Question 27

Unacceptable Method of In Ovo Vaccination Sites - Injections occurring too shallow result in the incorrect site of injection

Answer 27

Air Cell Membrane, Allantoic Fluid

Question 28

Site of Injection for Merek's Disease (MD)

Answer 28

More protective when not in air cell or allantoic fluid

Question 29

In Ovo Vaccine Specifications

Answer 29

Vaccine Type Vaccine Concentration Vaccine Compatibility Embryonic Age at injection Site of injection, sanitation Onset and duration of immunity Disease Challenge Maternal Anti odies

Question 30

Maternal Anti-bodies - Immunological tolerance can be induced _-_ days - Experimental in ovo vaccination window _-_ days - Commercial in ovo vaccination window _-_ days

Answer 30

8-14, 16-19, 17-19

Question 31

In Ovo Stimulation: Refers to delivery of _ or _ in the early-stage embryo (Day 12 incubation), aims to stimulate the colonization of the embryo gut with beneficial _ and also development of the GI tract, site of injection _ _, volume ._mL

Answer 31

prebiotics, synbiotics, bacteria, air sac, 0.2

Question 32

In Ovo Feeding: In ovo feeding is the administration of _ into _ to enhance egg nutrition and early growth performance, preferred site of injection: _, preferred age _-_ days. Ovo feeding has an _ effect by inducing expression of genes involved in major metabolic pathways which will affect performance later in life. Probiotics _ _ and _ _ showed early colonization of the gut.

Answer 32

Nutrients, Amnion, 17, 18, Epigenetic Enterococcus faecium, bacillus subtilus

Question 33

In Ovo Feeding: Carbohydrates

Answer 33

Glucose (15%, 50%) Water Carbohydrates Dextrin + B-hydroxy B-methylbutirate

Question 34

As glucose concentration increases, hatchability _, and BW at hatch _

Answer 34

decreases, increases

Question 35

Glucose and Water both cause decrease in hatchability. Rank in order of which has the most impact on hatchability.

Answer 35

Glucose 50% > Glucose 15% > Water + Glucose 50% > Water

Question 36

Carbohydrates increased _ surface area

Answer 36

villus

Question 37

In ovo feeding: AA and protein

Answer 37

AA - decrease hatchability Threonine - higher BW on broilers at 21-28d Glutamine 1% - No improvement of duodenal mucosa

Question 38

In ovo feeding: L-carnitine

Answer 38

0.05 to 10 microM - no benefits 8mg - no benefits

Question 39

In ovo feeding: Other substances

Answer 39

Linoleum Acid, Glucose, Glutamine - negative effect on hatachability and broiler performance Maltose 50%, Multivitamin, Zinc, Glycine, Glutamine - No benefits, no negative effects Prebiotic Organic Acids - Decrease BW and feed intake until 10d of age

Question 40

Challenges with In Ovo feeding

Answer 40

Volume, Embryonic Age, Type & Concentration, Area of injection, bacteria load built up over time and embryo safety