Terminolgy 8-14

Question 1

Antibiotic resistance

Answer 1

Th ability of a bacterium to resist the effects of antibacterials

Question 2

Bactericidal

Answer 2

A drug that reduces the number of bacteria by killing them directly

Question 3

Bacteriostatic

Answer 3

A drug that reduces the number of bacteria by preventing them from diving and growing rather than killing them

Question 4

Drug generation

Answer 4

Stage of drug development in which later generations are changed slightly to improve their effectiveness or means of administration

Question 5

Spectrum of efficacy

Answer 5

A measure of how many different types of bacteria a drug can kill or prevent from growing

Question 6

Susceptible organisms

Answer 6

Bacteria or other organisms that either can be killed or have their reproduction reduced by antibacterial drugs

Question 7

Antiretroviral drugs

Answer 7

A category of antiviral drugs that suppress the replication of viruses that use RNA as their primary genetic material instead of DNA

Question 8

Antiviral drugs

Answer 8

Drugs that are virustatic against non retroviruses and prevent them from either reproducing or releasing genetic material

Question 9

Viral load

Answer 9

The number of viral particles in a blood sample indicates viral infection

Question 10

Virulence

Answer 10

The measure of how well a microorganism can invade and persist in growing even when a persons body is trying to destroy it

Question 11

Virus

Answer 11

An intracellular, microscopic parasite

Question 12

Fungus

Answer 12

A simple organism with one or more cells that reproduce by spores

Question 13

Tuberculosis

Answer 13

A highly communicable disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 14

Antibody

Answer 14

A y shaped protein with areas that bind to anything that has the same specific code that trigger the B cells to make specific antibodies

Question 15

Antigen

Answer 15

Any cell will a different code for your own that enters the body n is recognized as foreign and will trigger the B cells to make antibodies

Question 16

Artificially acquired active immunity

Answer 16

Type of antibody that is started when an antigen is placed into your body on purpose to get your B cells to make specific antibodies against it

Question 17

Autoimmune disease

Answer 17

A condition when a persons immune system sees his or her own cells as foreign and develops immunity against them

Question 18

Naturally acquired active immunity

Answer 18

Type of antibody that is started when your body is invaded by foreign organisms without assistance and your B cells learn to make antibodies against foreign invaders

Question 19

Toxoid

Answer 19

The vaccine that contains either a modified toxin that an organism produces or an actual part of the organism

Question 20

Vaccine

Answer 20

A biologic preparation containing universal product codes for a specific disease causing microorganism

Question 21

Cancer

Answer 21

Abnormal cell growth that serves no useful purpose is invasive and without intervention can lead to death

Question 22

Carcinogen

Answer 22

Any substance or event that can damage the DNA of a normal cell and cause cancer to develop

Question 23

Targeted therapy

Answer 23

A group of drugs for cancer treatment that takes advantage of one or more differences in cancer cell growth or metabolism

Question 24

Vesicants

Answer 24

Drugs and chemicals that cause tissue damage on direct contact

Question 25

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 25

A metabolic disease that results from either the loss of ability to make insulin or loss of sensitivity for presence of insulin

Question 26

Glucagon

Answer 26

The hormone released by the alpha cells of the pancreas and a synthetic drug that prevents hypoglycemia by breaking down glycogen from the live into glucose

Question 27

Glucose

Answer 27

Most common simple carbohydrate and main fuel in human body

Question 28

Insulin secretagogues

Answer 28

A class of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs known as stimulators that work by stimulating the beta cells to release insulin

Question 29

Insulin sensitizers

Answer 29

Increase the sensitivity of the insulin receptor to the binding of naturally secreted insulin

Question 30

Noninsulin antidiabetic drugs

Answer 30

Oral and injectable drugs that use many actions to assist in lowering blood glucose levels

Question 31

Aldosterone

Answer 31

A hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates sodium and water balance

Question 32

Corticosteroids

Answer 32

Drugs similar to natural cortisol a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex

Question 33

Thyroid hormone agonists

Answer 33

Drugs that mimic the affect of thyroid hormones T3 and T4 helping regulate metabolism