terminologies Flashcards
(55 cards)
What is the fundamental principle in physics that states energy tends to spread out and that natural processes move toward increased disorder or randomness?
Second Law of Thermodynamics
What is a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system, which increases in all spontaneous processes?
Entropy
What is an ideal process that can be reversed without leaving any change in either the system or the surroundings?
Reversible Process
What is a real-world process where the system and surroundings cannot return to their original conditions once the process has occurred?
Irreversible Process
What is the theoretical thermodynamic cycle that achieves maximum efficiency between two heat reservoirs?
Carnot Cycle
What is the maximum efficiency that a heat engine can achieve based on the temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs?
Carnot Efficiency
What formulation of the Second Law states it is impossible to build a device that converts all heat into work without losses?
Kelvin-Planck Statement
What principle states that heat cannot move on its own from a colder object to a hotter one without external work?
Clausius Statement
What device absorbs heat from a hot reservoir, does work, and releases leftover heat to a cold reservoir?
Heat Engine
What are the factors or imperfections that prevent a process from being ideal, cost either inside the system or in the surroundings?
Internal and External Irreversibilities
The Clausius Statement says that heat can naturally flow from a colder body to a hotter one.
False
A heat engine can be 100% efficient if it operates perfectly with no energy loss.
False
The Carnot Cycle is the most efficient cycle possible between two thermal reservoirs.
True
The four processes in a Carnot Cycle are all irreversible.
True
In the Carnot efficiency formula, Tc represents the temperature of the hot reservoir.
False
A Carnot engine absorbing 7500 J and rejecting 6000 J does 1500 J of work.
True
Entropy increases in a reversible process.
False
Melting ice in a warm room is an example of an irreversible process.
True
The Coefficient of Performance (COP) of a refrigerator improves as the temperature difference between hot and cold reservoirs increases.
False
The Carnot efficiency depends only on the temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs.
True
What is used as a graphical representation of a phase change for a pure substance to help visualize processes like vaporization, condensation, melting, and sublimation while also identifying critical points, triple points, and phase boundaries?
Property Diagram
What property diagram relates temperature to specific volume at constant pressure?
T-v diagram
What property diagram is very similar to the T-v diagram except instead of there being a constant pressure The temperature is constant?
P-v diagram
What diagram is often referred to as the phase diagram. in this diagram you will be able to see three different lines. this line represents sublimation, melting, and vaporization?
P-T diagram
This diagram shows sublimation, melting, and vaporization lines.
