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Serology & Immunology > Terminologies > Flashcards

Terminologies Flashcards

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1
Q

The removal of antibodies from serum by the addition of red cells that possess the corresponding surface antigen

A

Absorption

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2
Q

An antigen that is not genetically determined and is sometimes transient

A

Acquired antigen

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3
Q

Immunity that is generated by the actual production of antibody by the host in the presence or foreign antigen

A

Active immunity

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4
Q

Normal serum constituents that increase in the presence of infection, injury or trauma to the tissues

A

Acute phase proteins

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5
Q

A substance that can increase the specific antibody production to, or the degree of sensitization against antigen by increasing its size or length of survival in the circulation. A substance (usually injected with an antigen) that improves the immune response, either humoral or cellular, to the antigen

A

Adjuvant

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6
Q

The attachment of one substance to the surface of another, in particular, the attachment of the antibody to specific receptors on a cell surface

A

Adsorption

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7
Q

Collection into clumps of the cells or particles distributed in a fluid

A

Agglutination

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8
Q

An antibody that is capable of causing agglutination with surface antigens

A

Agglutinin

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9
Q

An antigen agglutinated or clumped by an agglutinin

A

Agglutinogen

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10
Q

A system for activating complement beginning at C3 and do not involve a serologic reaction

A

Alternative complement pathway

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11
Q

A substance in the blood and the lymph serving as one of the active component on the process of cytolysis, the other components being the complement and the cells with antibodies. Anti-sheep red blood cell antibody that causes hemolysis of sheep red cells in the presence of complement.

A

Amboceptor

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12
Q

A globulin formed in response to exposure to an antigen. Also known as immunoglobulin (Ig).

A

Antibody (Ab)

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13
Q

Any substance that oppose or counteract the action of a complement

A

Anticomplementary substance

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14
Q

Any substance which, when introduced in the body, stimulates the formation of antibody

A

Antigen (Ag)

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15
Q

Union of antibody with its homologous antigen

A

Antigen-antibody complex

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16
Q

An autoantibody directed against a component of the nucleus, commonly found in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

Antinuclear antibody (ANA)

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17
Q

A serum containing antibody

A

Antiserum

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18
Q

An antibody produced against streptolysin O, a hemolysin produced by Group A streptococci

A

Antistreptolysin O

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19
Q

An antibody produced against “self” antigen

A

Autoantibody

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20
Q

A molecule that behaves as a “self” antigen

A

Autoantigen

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21
Q

A lymphocyte from the bursa of Fabricius or an immunoglobulin-forming cell

A

B-cell

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22
Q

A substance contained in beef erythrocytes, which is capable of absorbing the heterophil antibodies produced as a result of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and serum sickness

A

Beef erythrocyte (BE) antigen

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23
Q

A protein, not normally present in human blood, appears in a wide variety of inflammatory conditions. It is characterized by their ability to react with the C-polysaccharide somatic substance of the pneumococci.

A

C-reactive protein

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24
Q

The major system of complement activation that involves all nine components of complement and is initiated by a serologic reaction

A

Classic component pathway

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25
An agglutinin or hemagglutinin that is active at 4 degrees Celsius but not at 37 degrees Celsius
Cold agglutinin
26
A humoral mechanism of nonspecific immune response consisting of at least 14 components that proceed in a cascading sequence of activation resulting in cell lysis
Complement
27
The fixation or binding of complement in a reaction with antigen and antibody
Complement fixation
28
Monitors day-to-day accurate performance of the laboratory tests/analyses
Control
29
A substance composed of extract from fresh beef hearts combined with lecithin and cholesterol
Cardiolipin antigen
30
A hemagglutination test that defines the characteristics of heterophil antibody by guinea pig and beef cell antigens
Davidsohn differential test
31
The most common procedure for the separation of mononuclear cells
Density gradient centrifugation
32
The separation of one substance from the other
Dissociation
33
A fluid medium containing antibodies deliberately removed from the red cells
Eluate
34
A ligand assay in which the label is an enzyme and the binding reagent is an antibody
Enzyme immunoassay
35
The point of dilution in a serologic reaction in which all the antigen and all the antibody are mutually involved in all complexes
Equivalence point
36
A specific type of precipitation that occurs over a narrow range of antigen concentration; aggregation of colloidal particles in a serologic reaction
Flocculation
37
A heterophil antibody that is stimulated by one antigen and reacts with unrelated surface antigen present on cells from different mammalian species
Forssman antibody
38
A substance which absorbs the Forssman and serum sickness antibodies
Guinea pig kidney (GPK) antigen
39
Flagellar antigens of bacteria
H antigens
40
The agglutination or clumping of red blood cells by the antiserum
Hemagglutination
41
Used in the detection of antibodies involve in the blocking if agglutination of erythrocytes
Hemagglutination-inhibition technique
42
Ruptured erythrocytes
Hemolyzed
43
A substance causing the agglutination of red blood cells
Hemagglutinin
44
An antibody capable of causing the lysis or dissolution of red cells with the consequent release of hemoglobin
Hemolysin
45
The lysis of red blood cells by specific antibody and serum complement
Hemolysis
46
Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or other agent (e.g. drugs)
Hepatitis
47
An antibody produced in response to one antigen that will react with a second antigen genetically unrelated antigen
Heterophil antibody
48
A virus that caused AIDS
Human immunodeficiency virus
49
A solution which has a concentration greater than the system with which it is compared
Hypertonic solution
50
A process by which the activity of serum complement is nullified
Inactivation
51
An acute infectious disease caused by Epstein-Barr virus characterized by fever, pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy. There is a moderate leukocytosis due to abnormal mononuclear cells
Infectious mononucleosis (IM)
52
Outside the body; observable in a test tube
In-vitro
53
Within the living body
In-vivo
54
A molecule that combines with specific complementary configurations of the binding agent (e.g. receptors, proteins, or antibody).
Ligand
55
The creation of a stable preparation of a biologic material by rapid freezing and dehydration of the frozen product under high vaccum
Lyophilization
56
An antibody which causes dissolution or lysis of cells
Lysin
57
An antigen-antibody reaction in which the reactive effect of a particular antigen is nullified by a specific antibody
Neutralization
58
The surface somatic antigen of bacteria
O antigen
59
An antibody that attaches to a cellular or particular antigen rendering it susceptible to phagocytosis
Opsonin
60
Hemagglutination resulting from antibodies that are directed against antigens absorbed to their erythrocyte surface
Passive hemagglutination
61
The liquid portion of unclotted blood
Plasma
62
A weak or irregular antigen-antibody reaction occurring when a great excess of antigen is exposed to a serum containing a relatively low titer of antibody
Postzone reaction
63
An antigen-antibody reaction in which a soluble antigen is caused to settle out by the action of specific antibody (precipitin)
Precipitation
64
A negative or weak reaction occurring when serum containing an extremely high titer of antibody is exposed to a relatively small amount of antigen. The failure of a serologic reaction to occur in high concentration of antibody
Prozone reaction
65
The clumping of cells caused by agents other than antibodies
Pseudoagglutination
66
An atom with an unstable nucleus that spontaneously emits radiation as it decays to a stable nucleus
Radioisotope
67
An antibody-like substance produced by the body in response to certain types of tissue invasion and destruction. It is found in varying small amounts normally, but is usually increased in syphilis, malaria and certain other diseases
Reagin
68
A progressively higher dissolution of a substance arranged in a definite sequence or series
Serial dilution
69
A branch of biology which concerns itself with antigens and antibodies and their relationships
Serology
70
A condition wherein the cells are coated with incomplete (blocking or univalent) specific antibody
Sensitized
71
The detection of a specific antibody in the serum of an individual in whom the antibody was previously undetectable
Seroconversion
72
The fluid portion after the blood clots
Serum
73
The special affinity between an antigen and its corresponding antibody
Specificity
74
An assay in which one of the reactants is bound to a surface
Solid radioimmunoassay
75
An enzyme that dissolves clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin
Streptokinase
76
A thymus-derived lymphocyte responsible for cell-mediated hypersensitivity
T-lymphocyte (T-cell)
77
An expression of the highest dilution of serum which gives a visible reaction
Titer
78
The measurement of light transmitted through a suspension of particles
Turbidimetry
79
The agglutination of red blood cells by a virus
Viral hemagglutination
80
An antibody (or agglutinin) or hemagglutinin that is active at 37 degrees Celsius but not at 4 degrees Celsius
Warm agglutinin
81
The reduction in the electrical charge of red cell when it is suspended in a high ionic strength colloidal medium (albumin).
Zeta potential

Serology & Immunology (2 decks)

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