Terminology

Question 1

Gross Anatomy

Answer 1

It is the study of body structures that can be examined by the naked eye during dissection.

Question 2

Systemic Anatomy

Answer 2

All organs with related functions are studied together.

Question 3

Regional Anatomy

Answer 3

All organs present in one body cavity are studied together.

Question 4

Surface Anatomy

Answer 4

It is the study of shapes and markings on the surface of the body that reveal the underlying organs.

Question 5

Anatomical body position

Answer 5

. Standing upright with feet together
. Toes point forward
. Face looks forward and mouth is closed
. Hands by the side, palms of the hand face forward with thumb pointing away from the body and fingers are straight

Question 6

Anatomical body planes (4)

Answer 6

. Coronal/ frontal plane
. Saggital plane
. Midsaggital plane
. Transverse/ axial plane

Question 7

Coronal plane

Answer 7

Lies vertically and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Question 8

Saggital plane

Answer 8

Lies vertically and divides the body into right and left parts

Question 9

Midsaggital plane

Answer 9

Lies exactly in the midline vertically

Question 10

Parasaggital plane

Answer 10

A saggital line that lies offset from the middle

Question 11

Transverse plane

Answer 11

Lies horizontally to divide the body into superior and inferior parts

Question 12

Axial Region and skeleton

Answer 12

. Head, neck, trunk
. Skull, thoracic cage and vertebral column

Question 13

Apendicular region and skeleton

Answer 13

.Consists of the limbs
.Upper and lower limb bones

Question 14

Superior

Answer 14

Upper part or above

Question 15

Inferior

Answer 15

Lower part or below

Question 16

Medial

Answer 16

Towards the midline of the body or the inner side of

Question 17

Lateral

Answer 17

Away from the midline of the body or outer side of

Question 18

Ipsilateral

Answer 18

On the same side of the body

Question 19

Contralateral

Answer 19

On the opposite sides of the body

Question 20

Anterior or ventral

Answer 20

Toward or front of the structure

Question 21

Posterior or dorsal

Answer 21

Towards the back or behind the structure

Question 22

Cranial/ cephalic

Answer 22

Towards the head end

Question 23

Caudal

Answer 23

Away from the head end or towards the tail

Question 24

Superficial

Answer 24

Towards or at the body surface

Question 25

Deep

Answer 25

Away form the body surface or more internal

Question 26

Proximal

Answer 26

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Question 27

Distal

Answer 27

Farther to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Question 28

Flexion

Answer 28

Decreases the angle between two bones

Question 29

Extension

Answer 29

Increases the angle between two bones

Question 30

Adduction

Answer 30

Move a limb towards the body midline

Question 31

Abduction

Answer 31

Move a limb away from the body midline

Question 32

Medial rotation

Answer 32

Rotating towards the median plane

Question 33

Lateral rotation

Answer 33

Rotating away the median plane

Question 34

Circumduction

Answer 34

Moving a limb or finer so that it describes a cone in space

Question 35

Thumb opposition

Answer 35

Moving the thumb to touch the tips of the other fingers

Question 36

Dorsiflexion

Answer 36

. Lifting the foot or hand superiorly . Hand extension superiorly

Question 37

Plantar flexion

Answer 37

Depressing the foot elevating the heel

Question 38

Eversion

Answer 38

Sole of the foot turning laterally

Question 39

Inversion

Answer 39

Sole of the foot turning Medially

Question 40

Pronation

Answer 40

Rotation of forearm resulting in the palm of the hand facing posteriorly

Question 41

Supernation

Answer 41

Rotation of forearm resulting in the palm of the hand facing anteriorly

Question 42

Protraction

Answer 42

Moving body part in the anterior direction

Question 43

Retraction

Answer 43

Moving body part in the posterior direction

Question 44

Elevation

Answer 44

Lifting body part superiorly

Question 45

Depression

Answer 45

Lifting body part inferiorly