Terminology

Question 1

Anatomical position

Answer 1

Erect with feet together and palms facing forward, thumbs facing away from body

Question 2

Sagittal plane

Answer 2

vertical line dividing body into left and right sections

Question 3

Midsagittal plane

Answer 3

divides the body into equal left and right planes (middle)

Question 4

Coronal (frontal) plane

Answer 4

Vertical line dividing body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections

Question 5

Transverse plane

Answer 5

horizontal line dividing the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections

Question 6

Rostral/cranial

Answer 6

Toward the head

Question 7

Caudal

Answer 7

Toward the back/tail - below or on the underside (inferior)

Question 8

Bilateral

Answer 8

Involving both sides of the body

Question 9

Unilateral

Answer 9

Involving one side of the body

Question 10

Ipsilateral

Answer 10

On the same side of the body

Question 11

Contralateral

Answer 11

On opposite sides of the body

Question 12

Parietal

Answer 12

Relating to a body cavity wall

Question 13

Visceral

Answer 13

Relating to organs within body cavities

Question 14

Axial

Answer 14

Around a central axis

Question 15

Intermediate

Answer 15

Between two structures

Question 16

Right

Answer 16

Patient’s right

Question 17

Left

Answer 17

Patient’s left

Question 18

Prone

Answer 18

Lying on the stomach

Question 19

Supine/Recumbent

Answer 19

Lying on the back

Question 20

Superficial

Answer 20

Nearer the surface of the body or structure

Question 21

Deep/Internal

Answer 21

Further away from the surface of the body or structure

Question 22

Median

Answer 22

The midline of the body or structure

Question 23

Trunk

Answer 23

Body minus the 4 limbs

Question 24

Superior

Answer 24

nearer to the head

Question 25

Inferior

Answer 25

away from the head/nearer the feet

Question 26

Anterior

Answer 26

Nearer the front

Question 27

Posterior

Answer 27

Nearer the back

Question 28

Medial

Answer 28

nearer to the median (midsagittal) plane

Question 29

Lateral

Answer 29

away from the middle

Question 30

Proximal

Answer 30

Nearer the trunk (or point of origin)

Question 31

Distal

Answer 31

Away from trunk

Question 32

Dorsal

Answer 32

Near the back of the body

Question 33

Ventral

Answer 33

near the front of the body

Question 34

Dorsal cavity

Answer 34

Inc cranial cavity (head) and spinal cavity (spine)

Question 35

Ventral cavity

Answer 35

Inc thoratic cavity and abdomino-pelvic cavity

Question 36

Abdomino-pelvic cavity

Answer 36

Inc abdominal cavity (above) pelvic cavity

Question 37

What seperates the thoratic and abdomino-pelvic cavities?

Answer 37

The diaphragm

Question 38

Give the parts of the **upper** limb

Answer 38

shoulder, arm (shoulder to elbow), forearm (elbow to wrist), wrist, hand

Question 39

Give the parts of the **lower** limb

Answer 39

: gluteal region, thigh (gluteal region to knee), leg (knee to ankle), ankle, foot

Question 40

Flexion

Answer 40

dec in angle between 2 body parts | Occurs in the sagittal plane

Question 41

Extension

Answer 41

inc the angle between 2 body parts | Occurs in the sagittal plane

Question 42

Abduction

Answer 42

is movement **away** from the midline

Question 43

Adduction

Answer 43

is movement **towards** from the midline

Question 44

Circumduction (circular movement)

Answer 44

combination of flexion/extension/abduction/adduction where the appendage **describes a cone**

Question 45

Medial rotation

Answer 45

rotating movement towards the midline | Describes movement of limbs along their long axis

Question 46

Lateral motion

Answer 46

rotating movement away from the midline | Describes movement of limbs along their long axis

Question 47

Elevation

Answer 47

movement of superior direction

Question 48

Depression

Answer 48

movement in inferior direction

Question 49

Protraction

Answer 49

forward movement of shoulder (reaching out)

Question 50

Retraction

Answer 50

backward movement of shoulder (pulling)

Question 51

Pronation

Answer 51

radius rotates over ulna (closed palm) | Refers only to forearm and hand (not arm)

Question 52

SUpernation

Answer 52

radius and ulna are parallel (open palm) | Refers only to forearm and hand (not arm)

Question 53

Opposition

Answer 53

movement of thumb and little finger towards each other

Question 54

Reposition

Answer 54

return to anatomical position

Question 55

Dorsiflexion

Answer 55

extension of ankle/foot to point superiorly | Describe movement of the ankle. Dorsum: superior surface of foot

Question 56

Plantarflexion

Answer 56

flexion of ankle/foot to point inferiorly | Describe movement of the ankle. Plantar surface: sole

Question 57

Inversion

Answer 57

movement of the sole (of the foot) towards the medial plane | Refer to rotation of foot around long axis not involving ankle joint

Question 58

Eversion

Answer 58

movement of sole away from median plane, so sole faces lateral direction | Refer to rotation of foot around long axis, not involving ankle joint

Question 59

What are most scans (CT?transverse MRI) viewed as?

Answer 59

If you were standing at the foot of the patient's bed