Terminology Flashcards
(69 cards)
What can bones inform us about?
Bones and teeth inform us about: Sex, age, stature. Biological affinities, behavior, and disease.
Tissues and cells of the skeleton
Tissues: Cartilage; Dentine, Enamel, Bone
Cells: osteoblast, chondroblasts, osteoclasts, etc.
Chondroblast
Cartilage, makes or deposits
Osteocytes
A bone cell, formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the matrix it has secreted.
Dentine
hard dense bony tissue forming the bulk of a tooth, beneath the enamel
Osteoclasts
a large multinucleate bone cell which absorbs bone tissue during growth and healing.
Osteoblast
a cell that secretes the matrix for bone formation.
How many sets of skeletons to vertebrates have?
They have 2 dianthus sets endoskeleton and exoskeleton
What is a vertebrate?
an animal of a large group distinguished by the possession of a backbone or spinal column, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes
neurocranium
the upper and back part of the skull, which forms a protective case around the brain.
Vertebra
the series of small bones forming the backbone
appendicular skeleton
the upper and lower extremities, which include the shoulder girdle and pelvis
Endoskeleton
an internal skeleton, such as the bony or cartilaginous skeleton of vertebrates.
Exoskeleton
a rigid external covering for the body providing both support and protection. skull roofs, teeth, scales, fin rays, etc)
Intramembranous ossification
During intramembranous ossification in the skull, neural crest-derived mesenchymal cells proliferate and condense into compact nodules.
Mesenchymal
Multi potent stromatolites cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types. Including osteoblast, chondrocytes, etc
Evolution of the human skeleton
Neural crest cells migrate from dorsal neuroectoderm and organize the facial development in vertebrate embryos. Colors highlights regions of the developing and adult face that correspond to different neural crest populations along the posterior axis
Cranial neural crest cells
Craniofacial skeleton. Derived from the early exoskeleton
Paraxial
situated alongside, or on each side of, an axis, especially the central axis of the body.
mesodermal cells
limbs (appendicular)
Lateral plate
the mesoderm that is found at the periphery of the embryo.
Subchondral Bone
The layer of bone just below the cartilage in a joint.
cancellous
denoting bone tissue with a meshlike structure containing many pores, typical of the interior of mature bones.
Types of bones?
Flat bones, long bones, short bones, irregular bones, sesamiod bones,
