terminology Flashcards
(38 cards)
what is homeostasis?
- Underpins the normal functioning of the body
- Maintaining the conditions in the internal environment (not too much or little)
what does homeostasis rely on?
Homeostasis relies on regulatory mechanisms to ensure that controlled variables do not move too far from the set point which is “normal”
what is a set point?
normal range of the control variable outside of setpoint it can go wrong
what is the regulatory mechanism?
processes that try to prevent the controlled variable from moving away from the set-point, or try to move it back towards the set point
what are the two main regulatory mechanisms in homeostasis?
- feedback
- feedforward
what is feedback regulatory mechanisms in homeostasis?
When the controlled variable moves too far from the set point and responses from the body attempt to move the variable back to “normal”
what is feedforward regulatory mechanisms in homeostasis?
Usually, when there is an anticipation of an event that will alter a controlled variable, you may do something to minimize the effect
what is feedforward regulatory mechanisms in homeostasis?
Usually when there is an anticipation of an event that will alter a controlled variable, you may do something to minimize the effect
what are some responses to high body temperature:
- Behavioral changes
- Vasodilation and shunting of blood to the skin surface
- Sweat reproduction
- Respiratory heat loss
what does the upper limb include?
- arm
- forearm
- hand
what does the lower limb include?
- thigh
- leg
- food
what is the anatomical position?
- upright
- feet together
- face forward
- palms face forward
- remains the same regardless of movement
what is another name for anterior?
ventral
what is another name for posterior?
dorsal
what do superior and inferior mean?
superior - closer to the top of the head
inferior - closer to the sole of the feet
what do proximal and distal mean?
proximal -
distal -
what do we use for one/individual limbs instead of superior and inferior?
proximal and distal
what is deep and superficial?
deep - further from the surface closer to the core of the body
superficial - closer to the surface
what is the division of the body in planes?
- coronal
- sagittal
- transverse
what is the sagittal plane?
- back and forth movements
- divides the body into left and right pieces
- hot dog bun
what is the coronal plane?
- side to side movements
- divides the body into front and back sections
- toast
what is the transversal plane?
- horizontally
- rotating movements
- divides the body into top and bottom sections
- bagel
what is mid-sagittal?
divides body into mirror-image left and right halves
angular movements?
changing the angle at a joint
