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Veterinary Neuroanatomy: Clinical Approach > Terminology > Flashcards

Terminology Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Ganglia

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies with similar functions located outside the CNS

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2
Q

Nuclei

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies, with similar functions, located inside the CNS

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3
Q

Pathway

A

Sequential tracts separated by synapses that are all involved in one neural function (ex: visual pathway)

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4
Q

Tract

A

Collection of neurons with the same function that originate together and terminate together and do NOT synapse en route (ex: spinothalamic tract)

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5
Q

UMN

A

Neurons confined to the CNS that are associated with motor function

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6
Q

LMN

A

Neurons with cell body in CNS and axon leaves CNS in a cranial or spinal nerve to synapse via NMJ with striated, smooth, or cardiac muscle

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7
Q

Dendrites

A

Processes of neurons that receive information

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8
Q

Axons

A

Convey efferent information as action potentials/nerve impulses
- myelinated or unmyelinated

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9
Q

The ______ roots convey primarily sensory nerve fibers into the spinal cord

A

Dorsal

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10
Q

Each dorsal root contains a ________, housing neuronal cell bodies of sensory fibers

A

Spinal ganglion (or dorsal root ganglion)

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11
Q

The _____ roots convey primarily motor nerve fibers away from the spinal cord

A

Ventral

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12
Q

Motor fibers are _____ and innervate striated muscle or ______ and innervate smooth or cardiac muscle

A

Somatic; autonomic

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13
Q

Dermatome

A

Area of skin innervated by a spinal nerve

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14
Q

Cutaneous zone

A

Area of skin innervated by a specific named nerve which originates from 2 or more spinal nerves

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15
Q

Autonomous zones

A

Area of skin innervated by one nerve

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16
Q

Autonomous zones in thoracic limb

A
  • Musculocutaneous n. - medial aspect of antebrachium
  • Radial n. - Dorsal aspect of digits 2, 3, 4
  • Ulnar n. - Lateral aspect of digit 5
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17
Q

Autonomous zones in pelvic limb

A
  • Saphenous n. - medial aspect of crus
  • Fibular n. - dorsal aspect of digits 2, 3, 4
  • Tibial n. - plantar aspect of digits 3, 4
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18
Q

UMNs influence activity of _______

A

LMNs
“Managers of motor system”

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19
Q

Neurotransmitter that connects electrical activity of motor nerve to striated muscle is ______

A

Acetylcholine

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20
Q

Parasympathetic system arises from the ______ and ______

A

Brainstem and sacral spinal cord
“Craniosacral system”

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21
Q

Sympathetic system arises from the ______

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A

Thoracolumbar spinal cord
“Thoracolumbar system”

22
Q

Sulcus limitans

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A

Small, transverse fissure located laterally in walls of central canal of spinal cord –> extends rostrally into brainstem
- arose during development and demarcates dorsal sensory (alar plate) from ventral motor (basal plate)

23
Q

Dorsal horn is located in the _____ and functions in ______

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A

Gray matter; sensory

24
Q

Intermediate horn is located in the _________ and functions in _____

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A

Gray matter of thoracolumbar and sacral segments; autonomic

25
Ventral horn is located in the _______ and functions in
Gray matter; motor
26
Dorsal funiculus is located in the _____ and functions in _____
White matter; cranially projecting sensory (proprioceptive, tactile, nociception), bidirectional, intraspinal connections
27
Lateral funiculus is located in the _____ and functions in ________
White matter; cranially projecting sensory (proprioceptive, tactile, nociception, thermal), caudally projecting motor facilitating flexor muscle, bidirectional, intraspinal connections
28
Ventral funiculus is located in the ______ and functions in _____
White matter; caudally projecting motor facilitating extensor muscle, some cranially projecting sensory (nociceptive), bidirectional, intraspinal connections
29
6 components of the cranium
- Frontal - Parietal - Occipital - Temporal - Ethmoid - Sphenoid
30
Telencephalon
Paired cerebral hemispheres (forebrain) - reception/processing of sensory input, information integration, voluntary motor control, memory, behavior
31
Diencephalon
Forebrain - thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus, metathalamus
32
Functions of diencephalon
- relay center for information entering cerebrum - alertness/awareness - autonomic regulatory control
33
Mesencephalon
Midbrain - rostral cerebellum Dorsal aspect - tectum Ventral aspect - cerebral peduncle (tegmentum, substantia nigra, crus cerebri)
34
Mesencephalon function
MUN nuclei - cranially projecting sensory input from limbs/body/head - caudally projecting motor output from forebrain - arousal - reflex function for hearing and vision
35
Metencephalon
Pons and cerebellum - ventral - pons - dorsal - cerebellum
36
Metencephalon function
Pons: UMN nuclei - craniall projecting sensory input - caudally projecting motor output Cerebellum: coordination of motor
37
Myelencephalon
Medulla oblongata (caudal brainstem)
38
Myelencephalon function
UMN nuclei - cranially sensory input - caudally motor output - arousal - main cardiovascular and respiratory control centers
39
The thalamus is the ______ to the cerebrum
Gateway - sorts all information from the brainstem
40
Gray matter of the cerebrum is located superficially and deep in the following areas:
- hippocampus - basal nuclei - septal nuclei
41
Frontal lobe
- location: deep to frontal bone, rostral 1/3 of hemisphere - function: motor cortex, planning actions, movement
42
Parietal lobe
- location: deep to parietal bone, dorsal midline strip caudal to frontal bone extending 1/3 of the way down lateral aspect - function: somatosensory cortex, cognitive association areas involved in perceiving sensory input
43
Temporal lobe
- location: deep to temporal bone, ventrolateral mid portion of cerebral hemispheres - function: audition, limbic system, learning and memory
44
Occipital lobe
- location: deep to occipital bone, caudal 1/3 of hemispheres - function: vision, cognitive association
45
Rhinencephalon
- location: ventrolateral aspect of each hemisphere, ventral to lateral rhinal sulcus and dorsal to sphenoid bones and caudal to ethmoid bone --> includes olfactory bulb, piriform lobe, hippocampus - function: olfaction, limbic system, learning, memory
46
Short association fibers
Connect within a lobe between adjacent gyri
47
Long association fibers
Connect between lobes within the same hemisphere
48
Commissural fibers
Connect across midline between hemispheres
49
Main commissural fibers
Corpus callosum - found at base of longitudinal fissures
50
Projection fibers
connect between hemispheres and brainstem - corticopetal and corticofugal projection fibers enter and leave cerebrum respectively via internal capsule

Veterinary Neuroanatomy: Clinical Approach (2 decks)

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