terminology Flashcards
(23 cards)
compound noun
blend of nouns that alr exist but come tg for a new meaning
eg. carbon+footprint = carbon footprint
blend
breakfast+lunch=brunch
initialisms
DVD or GPS
Acronym
AIDS or WAG - note pronunciation
extended metaphor
theme used more than once
diachronic change
the historical development of language over time
SAME PLACE DIFF TIME
Synchronic change
study of differences at a particular moment - DIFF PLACE SAME TIME
lexicon
collective noun for all the words in the vocabulary of a language
descriptive approach
- doesn’t tell us how we should speak
- rules that people know and use
- no language variety is superior
prescriptive approach
‘correct forms’
prescribes rules that should be followed
elements of prejudice or elitism
broadening
word retains its old meaning but takes on an additional meaning
narrowing
was previously meant for multiple things , now just one thing
eg. girl used to mean children, now it means female child
semantic bleaching
when meaning reduces its intensity
eg. I’m starving
amelioration
changes the word to a more positive meaning
eg, wicked used to mean evil
pejoration
changes to word to a negative meaning
eg. impertinent used to mean irrelevant now it means rude
metonym
an attribute or feature used to reefer to the whole thing
eg the crown
grapheme
graphical representation of a sound
orthographic
spellings
kennings
translating complex things to make them understandable
- the sea of swords for the army
lexical gap
not having a word to describe a scenario
conversion
changing word class
Obsolete
Words which are no longer used/ no longer useful
Archaic
Words that have fallen out of common usage
