Terminology

Question 1

What’s COPD’s main 2 presentations

Answer 1

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Question 2

What’s Emphysema

Answer 2

Difficulty breathing via permanent enlargement of air sacs in lungs. Can still be well perfused

Question 3

What’s Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 3

Airways fill with mucous. Productive cough lasts 3 months and returns twice a year

Question 4

What are arteries

Answer 4

Oxygenated blood vessels that carry away from the heart

Question 5

What artery is not oxygenated

Answer 5

Pulmonary artery. Carries oxygenated blood to lungs

Question 6

What are capillaries

Answer 6

Small blood vessels. Convey blood between arteriols and venules

Question 7

What are veins

Answer 7

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood towards heart

Question 8

What vein is not deoxygenated

Answer 8

Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood to heart

Question 9

What’s arteriosclerosis

Answer 9

Build up of fats, cholesterols and other substances in artery walls

Question 10

What does arteriosclerosis do

Answer 10

Vascular disease that causes arteries to thicken and harden. Restricting blood flow and eventually can clot

Question 11

What’s Ischemia

Answer 11

Lack of blood flow

Question 12

What’s an Ischemic stroke

Answer 12

Blood vessel blockage. Lack of blood flow to brain

Question 13

What’s a hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 13

Rupture of blood vessel. Causes blood leakage

Question 14

Hypoxic drive

Answer 14

Respiratory response to low oxygen levels in blood. Prominent in COPD patients

Question 15

Ischemia

Answer 15

Low blood flow to parts of body

Question 16

Status epilepoticus

Answer 16

Seizures that last longer than 5 minutes or multiple seizures within five minutes that don’t break

Question 17

Urticaria

Answer 17

Hives

Question 18

Narcotics

Answer 18

Drugs that reduce pain. Can alter mood/behaviour. Affect nervous system

Question 19

Opioids

Answer 19

Pain relievers

Question 20

Croup

Answer 20

Infection causes swelling in upper airway. Barking cough

Question 21

Focal seizure

Answer 21

Seizure that starts in one area of the brain. Usually affecting one hemisphere

Question 22

IDDM

Answer 22

Type 1 diabetes. Insulin dependent diabetes

Question 23

NIDDM

Answer 23

Type 2 diabetes. Non-insulin dependent

Question 24

Hypoglycemia

Answer 24

Low blood sugar

Question 25

Hyperglycemia

Answer 25

Too much sugar

Question 26

Salbutamol

Answer 26

Inhaler substance (brand name ventolin) also knows as Albuterol

Question 27

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 27

It’s the Fruity smell. Complication of diabetes

Question 28

Coronary artery

Answer 28

Main blood vessel that supplies oxygen to heart

Question 29

Septic shock

Answer 29

Infection causes dangerously low blood pressure and eventually organ failure

Question 30

Cardiac arrest

Answer 30

Loss of heart activity causing Sudden cessation of circulation

Question 31

Cardiogenic shock

Answer 31

When the heart can’t pump enough blood to body’s organs

Question 32

Obstructive shock

Answer 32

When blood flow is physically obstructed and prevents oxygen and blood from reaching the body’s organs

Question 33

Hypovolemic shock

Answer 33

When body loses too much blood or other fluids

Question 34

Neurogenic shock

Answer 34

When autonomic nervous system is disrupted causing loss of normal control over BP, HR and body temp.

Question 35

FAST-VAN

Answer 35

Face, arms, Speech, Time - Vision, Aphasia, Neglect

Question 36

Nexus criteria and its components

Answer 36

For deciding if full SMR is needed 1. No posterior midline cervical spine tenderness 2. No evidence of intoxication 3. Normal level of alertness 4. No focal neurological deficit 5. No painful distracting injury

Question 37

Rule of 9’s

Answer 37

Way to chart percentage of body that’s burnt

Question 38

Gastric distension

Answer 38

Inflation of the stomach

Question 39

Gestational diabetes

Answer 39

High blood sugar disorder develop during pregnancy

Question 40

Flail chest

Answer 40

Closed chest injury resulting in chest wall becoming unstable due to fractures

Question 41

Sucking chest wound

Answer 41

Open wound to chest that bubbles or makes a sucking noise

Question 42

Pneumothorax

Answer 42

Air outside lung within pleural space and partially collapsed lung

Question 43

Tension pneumothorax

Answer 43

Air trapped in pleural space and collapsed lung. Heart becomes compressed and unable to receive or pump blood

Question 44

Hemothorax

Answer 44

Partially collapsed lung and pleural space fills with blood

Question 45

Compound

Answer 45

Open

Question 46

Rigid splint

Answer 46

Rigid padded boards. Applied in line with bone and secured via knots or similar tools

Question 47

Traction splint

Answer 47

Provides counter pull to alleviate pain and reduce blood loss and further injury. Holds limb in alignment but does not realign broken bones

Question 48

Circumferential splint

Answer 48

Completely surrounds injured limb. Help reduce swelling via compression. Air splints are examples

Question 49

Abdominal evisceration

Answer 49

When abdominal organs protrude from body

Question 50

Phases of labour

Answer 50

First stage - cervix opens and baby moves down birth canal and contractions begin Second stage - baby is born Third stage - placenta delivery

Question 51

Adventitious sounds

Answer 51

Abnormal respiratory sounds that occur in addition to normal breath sounds

Question 52

Stridor

Answer 52

Abnormal, high-pitched respiratory sound produced by irregular airflow in a narrowed airway

Question 53

Pharmacokinetic

Answer 53

What the body does to a drug

Question 54

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 54

The effects of drugs in the body and their mechanism of action

Question 55

Differential diagnosis

Answer 55

Process that helps determine most likely cause of patients symptoms by comparing a list of possible conditions

Question 56

SBAR

Answer 56

situation, background, Assessment, recommendations