terminology

Question 1

macule

Answer 1

focal area of color change that is not elevated and not depressed

Question 2

papule

Answer 2

well circumscribed solid, elevated lesion lass than 5 mm in diameter

Question 3

nodule

Answer 3

solid, raised/elevated lesion greater than 5mm in diameter

Question 4

plaque

Answer 4

slightly elevated lesion with a flat surface

Question 5

polyp

Answer 5

abnormal outgrowth/swelling of tissue
if supported by an elongated stalk (narrow base) - pedunculate
if no stalk and the polyp has a wide base - sessile

Question 6

vesicle

Answer 6

well circumscribed fluid filled lesion less than 5mm in diameter

Question 7

bulla

Answer 7

well circumscribed fluid filled lesion larger than 5mm in diameter

Question 8

pustule

Answer 8

well circumscribed pus filled lesion smaller than 5mm in diameter

Question 9

cyst

Answer 9

pathological, epithelium lined cavity filled with liquid or semi solid contents or empty

Question 10

erosion

Answer 10

• Superficial break in the epithelium extending to but not involving the basal cell layer.
• Characterised by partial loss of epithelium
• Minor damage to the underlying lamina propria.

Question 11

ulcer

Answer 11

• Loss of surface tissue, disintegration and necrosis of epithelial tissue.
• Characterised by full thickness loss of epithelium
• It penetrates the epithelial-connective tissue border

Question 12

fissure

Answer 12

narrow, slit-like ulcerations/groove

Question 13

petechia

Answer 13

round, pinpoint area of haemorrhage

Question 14

ecchymosis

Answer 14

non elevated area of haemorrhage, larger than petechia

Question 15

telangiectasia

Answer 15

vascular lesion caused by dilation of a small superficial blood vessel

Question 16

sinus

Answer 16

a blind tract connects a cavity lined by granuloma tissue to the epithelial surface

Question 17

fistula

Answer 17

a communication between two epithelium lined surfaces

Question 18

exophytic

Answer 18

• growing outward
• proliferating externally or on the surface
  epithelium of an organ or other structure in which the growth originated.

Question 19

endophytic

Answer 19

growing inwards from a surface

Question 20

papillary

Answer 20

describing a tumour or a growth exhibiting numerous finger-like projections

Question 21

verrucous

Answer 21

describes a tumour or growth with a rough warty surface

Question 22

symmetry

Answer 22

unilateral/bilateral

Question 23

area

Answer 23

localised/generalised

Question 24

punched out

Answer 24

well defined
no bone reaction immediately adjacent to the abnormality

Question 25

corticated

Answer 25

thin uniform radiopaque line (reactive bone) at the periphery of the lesion

Question 26

sclerotic

Answer 26

wide radiopaque border of reactive bone, usually not uniform indicative of slow growth/ability to induce bone production

Question 27

soft tissue capsule

Answer 27

a radioluscent line around at the border of the lesion

Question 28

blending

Answer 28

gradual transition between normal adjacent bone trabeculae and abnormal bone lesion

Question 29

invasive

Answer 29

associated with rapid growth and bone destruction may be indicative of malignancy may appear as moth eaten

Question 30

radiopaque

Answer 30

Refers to structures that are dense and resist the passage of x-rays. Radiopaque structures appear light or white in a radiographic image.

Question 31

radioluscent

Answer 31

Refers to structures that are less dense and permit the x-ray beam to pass through them. Radiolucent structures appear dark or black in the radiographic image

Question 32

unilocular

Answer 32

describes a radioluscent lesion with a single compartment /locule

Question 33

multilocular

Answer 33

describes a radioluscent lesion with multiple compartments/locules

Question 34

acanthylosis

Answer 34

separation of cells in stratum spinous resulting in intraepithelial splits

Question 35

spongiosis

Answer 35

epithelial intercellular oedema

Question 36

hyperkeratosis

Answer 36

thinking of the stratum corner, outer layer of stratified squamous epithelium thickening of the keratin layer

Question 37

parakeratosis

Answer 37

thickened keratin layer with nuclei

Question 38

acanthosis

Answer 38

thickening/wideing of the stratum spinosum

Question 39

orthokeratosis

Answer 39

thickened keratin layer without nuclei

Question 40

dysplasia

Answer 40

an alteration in mature epithelial cells characterised by variation in size, shape, and organisation

Question 41

pleomorphism

Answer 41

Cells and/or nuclei vary in size and shape

Question 42

hyperchormasia

Answer 42

The development of excess chromatin or of excessive nuclear staining especially as part of a pathological process.