terminology

Question 1

proper nouns

Answer 1

refer to names of people or places. (eg. James, England)

Question 2

abstract nouns

Answer 2

refer to states, feelings, and concepts that do not have a physical existence. (eg. love, anger)

Question 3

concrete nouns

Answer 3

refer to objects that have a physical existence.
- countable= can be pluralised (eg. cup)
- non-countable= do not take a plural form (eg. furniture)

Question 4

material verbs

Answer 4

shows actions or events. (eg. hit, jump, wash, build)

Question 5

relational verbs

Answer 5

identifying properties or show states of being. (eg. be, appear, seem, become)

Question 6

mental verbs

Answer 6

show internal processes such as thinking. (eg. think, believe, wish)

Question 7

verbal verbs

Answer 7

show external processes of communicating through speech. (eg. say, shout, scream, whisper)

Question 8

base adjectives or adverbs

Answer 8

the basic form of an adjective or adverb, modifying another word. (eg. big, interesting, carefully)

Question 9

comparative adjectives or adverbs

Answer 9

a form used to compare two instances either adding ‘-er’ or using ‘more’. (eg. the parcel was bigger, that was a more interesting game, he read more carefully)

Question 10

superlative adjectives or adverbs

Answer 10

a form used to compare more than two instances, identifying a best example. (eg. that was the biggest parcel, the most interesting game, to was the most carefully he had ever read)

Question 11

personal pronouns

Answer 11

refer to people and are differentiated in terms of person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (singular or plural) and gender (male or female).
- I= first prison singular.
- you= 2nd personal singular/ plural.
- she= 3rd person, singular, feminine.
- they= third person, plural.

Question 12

demonstrative pronouns

Answer 12

orientate the reader or listener towards a person, object or idea wither nearby or further away. (eg. this, these, that, those)

Question 13

indefinite pronouns

Answer 13

refer to a person, object, or idea that is non-specific. (eg. someone, anybody, everything)

Question 14

article determiners

Answer 14

show that something is definite or indefinite.
- the= definite
- a/an= indefinte

Question 15

possessive determiners

Answer 15

show ownership. (eg. my, your, her, our)

Question 16

quantifier determiners

Answer 16

show either specific or non-specific quantities of a noun.
- one, two= specific.
- some, any, a few= non-specific.

Question 17

co-ordinating conjunctions

Answer 17

link words or larger structures such as phrases and clauses together where they are equal. (eg. and, but, or, yet)

Question 18

sub-ordinating conjunctions

Answer 18

link clauses together to show one is dependent on another. (eg. because, although, while, for)

Question 19

modality

Answer 19

presents a speaker or writers opinion, attitude or commitment towards any state, event, object, or person.

Question 20

modal auxiliary verbs

Answer 20

eg. must, will, might.

Question 21

modal lexical verbs

Answer 21

eg. like, hope, believe.

Question 22

modal adjectives

Answer 22

eg. sure, certain, doubtful.

Question 23

modal adverbs

Answer 23

eg. perhaps, possibly, maybe.

Question 24

modal tags

Answer 24

eg. I guess.

Question 25

deontic modality

Answer 25

expressions that highlight a sense of obligation or necessity.

Question 26

boulomaic modality

Answer 26

expressions that highlight aspect of desire.

Question 27

epistemic modality

Answer 27

expressions that highlight degrees of belief, certainty, or perception.

Question 28

spatial deixis

Answer 28

adverbs of a place.

Question 29

temporal deixis

Answer 29

adverbs of time.

Question 30

proximal deixis

Answer 30

deictic expressions that refer to concepts, events, or people close to the speaker.

Question 31

distal deixis

Answer 31

deictic expressions that refer to concepts, events or people at a distance from the speaker.

Question 32

lexis

Answer 32

word choices.

Question 33

semantics

Answer 33

patterns- group of any words.

Question 34

grammar

Answer 34

syntax- structure of sentences.

Question 35

phonology

Answer 35

sounds- eg. alliteration, rhyme.

Question 36

asyndetic list

Answer 36

just commas in a list.

Question 37

syndetic list

Answer 37

connectives in a list.

Question 38

polysyndetic list

Answer 38

mix of commas and connectives in a list.