Terminology Flashcards
(135 cards)
0
Q
Euphemism
A
A word that replaces a term seen by society as taboo or unpleasant
1
Q
Symbolism
A
A device in which a word or phrase represents something else
2
Q
Conceit
A
A deliberately elaborate metaphor
3
Q
Phonology
A
The study of sound
4
Q
Accent
A
A set of distinctive pronunciations that mark regional or social identity
5
Q
Elision
A
The omission of sounds in connected speech
6
Q
Alliteration
A
The repetition of the same sound in the initial position in a sequence of words
7
Q
Fricatives
A
Sounds such as F or V
8
Q
Plosives
A
Sounds such as P, B or T
9
Q
Sibilants
A
Sounds such as S or Z
10
Q
Aspirants
A
Sounds such as H
11
Q
Bilabials
A
Sounds such as M or B
12
Q
Nasals
A
Letters such as M or N
13
Q
Assonance
A
A repetition of the same or similar vowel sounds
14
Q
Onomatopoeia
A
The term used to denote words that imitate sounds
15
Q
IPA
A
The International Phonetic Alphabet used to clarify sounds of language
16
Q
Discourse
A
The study of spoken language
17
Q
Prosodic features
A
The use of pitch, volume, pace and rhythm o draw attention to the key elements of spoken language
18
Q
Paralinguistics
A
Non-verbal communication using gestures, posture and facial expressions
19
Q
Deictic
A
Terms used to denote words that rely on the context to be understood - eg, pass me that, there.
20
Q
Fillers
A
Words when used when hesitating in speech, um, er
21
Q
Common/concrete noun
A
A name for everyday objects
22
Q
Proper noun
A
A name of a distinctive person, place or other unique reference
23
Q
Collective noun
A
A name that refers to a group of people, animals or things
24
Abstract noun
A name to describe things that have no physical qualities
25
Verbs
Words that express States, actions or processes
26
Dynamic verbs
A verb that expresses an action rather than a state
27
Stative verbs
Verbs that express States of being or processes
28
Auxiliary/modal verbs
A verb that precedes another verb eg- I can go
29
Adjective
A word that modified a noun or pronoun
30
Adverb
A word that modifies verbs, adverbs, adjectives, conjunctions and prepositions
31
Pronoun
A word that replaces a noun
32
Co-ordinating conjunction
A word that joins elements of equal rank (and, or, but)
33
Subordinating conjunction
A conjunction used to introduce a subordinate clause (because, while, until)
34
Preposition
A word that shows relationships between nouns or pronouns EG - On
35
Definite article
'The'
36
Indefinite article
'A'
37
Lexical set
A group of words joined by similarities
38
Connotations
The associations attached to a word in addition to its dictionary definition
39
Allusion
To refer to something indirectly or metaphorically
40
Pathetic Fallacy
When the environment mirrors emotions
41
Personification
A device in which the non-human is give personal and human qualities - e.g. - the trees danced in the wind.
42
Metaphor
A description which does not compare one thing with another but actually becomes the other - e.g. - the trees danced in the wind.
43
Simile
A device which directly compares two things using like or as
44
Imagery
A descriptive or metaphorical use of language to create a vivid picture
45
Compound adjective
An adjective made up of two words joined by a hyphen
46
Superlatives
A word that emphasises another word - best, worst
47
Comment Clause
A commonly occurring phrase in speech - e.g. you know
48
Dialogue
Language interaction with two or more participants
49
Intonation
The quality or tone of the voice in speech
50
Received Pronunciation (RP)
An English accent which has a high social status and is not connected to a specific region
51
Repair
The correction of a mistake or misunderstanding in a conversation
52
Tag question
An interrogative structure attached to the end of a sentence which expects a rely e.g. isn't it
53
Transcription
A written record of spoken language, which can use symbols and markings to illustrate the distinctive nature of speech
54
Turn-taking
The organisation of speakers' contributions to a conversation
55
Utterance
A stretch of spoken language used instead of 'sentence' when discussing spoken language
56
Vocatives
The words used to name or refer to people when talking to them
57
Hyperbole
Exaggeration used to heighten feeling and intensity
58
Litotes
A deliberate understatement
59
Non-standard lexis
Any variety that does not conform to the standard form as used by society
60
Archaisms
A word or phrase no longer in current use
61
Orthography
A study of spelling and the ways letters are used in language
62
Double negative
A structure in which more than one negative is used
63
Pentameter
A unit of poetic meter containing five feet (pairs) 10 syllables (beats)
64
Mode of address
The point of view in the text i.e first, second or third person
65
Syntax
The study of the relationship between words in sentences
66
Sentence mood
The mood of the sentence (often clarified by punctuation)
67
Imperative mood
A mood that expresses a command
68
Exclamatory mood
A mood that expresses strong emotions
69
Declarative mood
A mood used to express a statement
70
Interrogative mood
A mood expressing a question
71
Phrase
A group of words that has no finite verb (except for a verb phrase) e.g. noun phrase 'the green tree'
72
Clause
A group of words usually with a finite verb which is structurally larger than a phrase
73
Independent main clause
The group of word which carries the core meaning of the sentence
74
Dependent or subordinate clause
A group of words which add extra information to the independent main clause
75
Simple sentences
An independent main clause
76
Compound sentence
A sentence made up of at least two main clauses joined together by a co-ordinating conjunction
77
Complex sentence
A sentence made up of one main and one or more subordinate or dependent clauses
78
Parallelism
The patterning of pairs of sounds, words or structure to create a sense of balance
79
Foregrounding
A change in the structure of the sentence to place emphasis on an opening sentence element
80
End-focus
A change in structure of the sentence to place emphasis on a closing sentence element
81
Syndetic listing
, , , and
82
Asyndetic listing
, , ,
83
Juxtaposition
To place two or more things side by side
84
Oxymoron
The use of apparently contradictory words in a phrase
85
Tripling
Listing of three items
86
Repetition
Saying the same thing more than once
87
Active voice
A grammatical structure in which the subject is the actor of the sentence, e.g. the dog eats the bone
88
Passive voice
A grammatical structure in which the subject the subject and the object is the actor of the sentence, e.g. the bone was eaten by the dog
89
Ellipsis
The omission of part of a sentence
90
Syntax inversion
The deliberate alteration of the structure of words in a sentence
91
lexis
The term used to describe the vocabulary of a language
92
Content
What the text is about
93
Context
Things outside the text which may shape its meaning, e.g. when it was written and who wrote it
94
Attitudes
The opinions expressed in the text
95
Purpose
The reason the text has been produced, e.g. to entertain, inform, persuade etc
96
Tone
The style or voice the text is written in, e.g. excites, emotional
97
Themes
The reoccurring ideas and images in the text
98
Form
The structure and shape of the text
99
Verse type
The type of poem, sonnet etc
100
Stanza
The division of lines in a poem, also called a verse
101
Rondo
A poem with a circular structure that begins and ends similarly
102
Petrarchen or Italian sonnet
A poem of 14 lines, divided into an octet and a sestet, written in iambic pentameter, rhyme scheme = ABBAABBBA CDECDE (sestet may vary)
103
Shakespearean or English sonnet
A poem of 14 lines, divided into three quatrains and a couplet, written in iambic pentameter, rhyming ABAB CDCD EFEF GG
104
Volta
The turning point of a sonnet
105
Couplet
A two line verse (often rhyming)
106
Quatrain
A four-line verse
107
Sestet
A six-line verse
108
Octet
An eight-line verse
109
Syllable
The beats or rhythm in a line of verse
110
Alternate rhyme
Lines of poetry where the rhymes on every other line (ABAB)
111
Internal rhyme
Where the rhyming sound occurs within a line of verse
112
Eye rhyme
Where the rhyme looks like it should rhyme but the sound is not exactly the same
113
Enjambment
Run-on lines
114
Caesura
A mid-line pause
115
Rhythm
The pattern of stresses and syllables within poetry
116
Stress
The exaggerated phoneme in any particular word
117
Iambic
A unit of poetic meter containing one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable
118
Trochee
A unit of poetic meter containing one stressed syllable followed by one unstressed syllable
119
Spondee
A unit of poetic meter containing two stressed syllables
120
Dactyl
A unit of poetic meter containing one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllable
121
Anapest
A unit of poetic meter containing two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable
122
Trimeter
A unit of poetic meter containing three feet (6 syllables in total)
123
Tetrameter
A unit of poetic meter containing four feet (8 syllables in total)
124
Allegory
A work with another meaning below the surface one
125
Ballad
A traditional poem which usually tells a story in short stanzas with simple and direct language
126
Blank verse/unrhymed iambic pentameter
A line with ten syllables and five stresses
127
Elegy
An expression of bereavement
128
Epic
A long work that concerns a hero acting out a country's history
129
Free verse
A modern form of poetry where there are no rigid rules governing rhyme and rhythm
130
Leonine rhyme
An internal line within a line of poetry - e.g. With throats unslaked, with black lips baked
131
Lyric
A short poem, often intended to be sung which expresses moods and emotions
132
Narrative poem
A poem that tells a story
133
Ode
An address to one subject that adopts an elevated manner
134
Pastoral
A rural poem with the poem often writing as a shepherd or countryman and extolling the ideal world of the countryside
