Terminology Flashcards
(34 cards)
Essential nutrient
A nutrient that cannot be synthesized in adequate quantities in a normal animal and must be provided in the diet
Conditionally essential nutrient
A nutrient that can be synthesized in adequate quantities in a normal animal but not in certain circumstances, such as disease or a particular life stage or other physiological state and must be provided in the diet only in those circumstances
A balanced diet for a normal animal
A diet that provides adequate quantities of all essential nutrients when the diet in consumed in sufficient quantities to maintain normal body weight or growth
A balanced diet for an animal with disease
A diet that provides adequate quantities of all essential nutrients and conditionally essential nutrients when the diet in consumed in sufficient quantities to maintain normal body weight or growth
A physiological dose of a nutrient
Provides adequate nutrients for a normal animal
A pharmacological dose of a nutrient
A higher dose than physiological that modifies the response in a sick patient
Dry food
Less than 20% moisture, 10% average
Canned or moist food
Greater than 65% moisture, average 75% or 80% if “with gravy”
Soft-moist food
Between 20 and 65% moisture, 30% average
Soft-dry food
Blend of soft-moist and dry particles
Neutraceutical or functional food
A nutrient with a drug-like character
Meat
Striated muscle
Meat by-products
Parts of the carcass that are not meat. Includes: organs, blood, bone, etc. Does not include: hair, horns, teeth, and hooves
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
The amount of energy required for minimal metabolism, that is, in an animal after 12 hours of fasting or postabsorptive state that is awake, lying down, hasn’t exercised in the past 30 minutes, and in a thermoneutral, unstressed environment to which it is adapted
Resting fed metabolic rate (RFMR) or resting energy expenditure (REE)
Same as BMR, but not postabsorptive. Applies to dogs in cages.
Maintenance energy requirement (MER)
The amount of energy needed to maintain energy equilibrium over a length of time
Gross energy (GE)
Total energy content in food, found by burning food in a bomb calorimeter
Digestible energy (DE)
Energy intake minus energy in feces
Metabolizable energy (ME)
Energy intake minus energy in feces, urine, and combustible gas
Minimum requirement (MR)
Minimal concentration/amount of a bioavailable nutrient that will support a defined physiological state. Determined by experiments.
Adequate intake (AI)
Concentration/amount of a nutrient that will support a defined physiological state where no MR has been demonstrated. Determined by feeding trials.
Recommended allowance (RA)
Concentration/amount of a nutrient in a diet formulated to support a defined physiological state. It is the MR or AI plus a safety factor.
Safe upper limit (SUL)
Maximal concentrations/amount of a nutrient that has not been associated with adverse effects.
Dry period
The last 50-60 days of gestation when the cow is not lactating
