Terminology Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
Nullipara
A
A woman who has never been pregnant beyond 20/40
2
Q
Gravid
A
Number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome
3
Q
Para/Parity
A
The number of babies born after 20/40
4
Q
G6P4
A
Gravida 6, Para 4 6 pregnancies (including current pregnancy) and has previously delivered 4 babies at more than 20/40
5
Q
Grand multipara
A
A woman who has delivered 5 or more babies at more than 20/40
6
Q
Abortion/miscarriage
A
Pregnancy loss before 20/40
7
Q
Labour
A
Regular painful contractions with cervical changes after 20/40
8
Q
Lower uterine segment caesarean section (LUSCS)
A
Operative delivery of the baby through an incision in the lower uterine segment
9
Q
Classical caesarean section
A
Operative delivery of a baby through a vertical incision in the upper segment of the uterus
10
Q
Hysterotomy
A
Operative delivery of the baby through a uterine incision at less than 20/40
11
Q
Preterm labour
A
Labour at less than 37/40
12
Q
Prelabour rupture of membranes (PROM)
A
Rupture of the membranes before onset of labour
13
Q
Premature prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM)
A
Rupture of the membranes before labour at less than 37/40
14
Q
ARM/AROM
A
Artificial rupture of membranes
15
Q
SROM
A
Spontaneous rupture of membranes
16
Q
Braxton Hicks contractions
A
Painless uterine contractions in the antenatal period
17
Q
Naegles rule
A
To estimate the probable date of confinement.
Add 9 months and 7 days to the first day of the last menstrual period. A correction is required if the patient does not have 28-day cycles
18
Q
First stage of labour
A
From the start of labour until full dilation of the cervix
19
Q
Second stage of labour
A
From full dilation of the cervix until birth of the baby
20
Q
Third stage of labour
A
From the birth of the baby until the delivery of the placenta and membranes
21
Q
Spurious or false labour
A
Uterine contractions which may be regular and/or painful, but are not associated with cervical effacement and dilatation
22
Q
Oxytocic
A
Medication that stimulates the contractions of the uterine muscle
23
Q
Tocolytic
A
Medication to stop uterine contractions
24
Q
Induction of labour (IOL)
A
The process of causing labour to commence
25
Augmentation of labour
The process of stimulating a labour that has already started
26
Placenta praevia
Placenta that approaches or covers the internal cervical os in late second or third trimester
27
Vasa praevia
Foetal vessels lying in the membranes in front of the presenting part
28
Antepartum haemorrhage (APH)
Bleeding >5mL from the vagina after 20/40
29
Abruption
Separation of the placenta from the uterus in the antenatal or intrapartum period
30
Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH)
PV bleeding of >500mL in the first 24h post delivery
31
Secondary post partum haemorrhage
PV bleeding of >500mL more than 24h post delivery
32
Placenta accreta
PLacenta that invades the myometrium
33
Uterine atony
Abnormal relaxation of the uterus after delivery, usually causing bleeding
34
Isoimmunisation
Blood group antibodies cross the placenta resulting in haemolysis of the foetal red blood cells.
Antibodies include D, c, K (Kell), Kidd, Duffy etc
35
CTG
Cardiotocograph
36
Neonatal death
A liveborn infant who dies within 28 days of birth, of at least 20/40 or weighing >400gm if gestation is unknown
37
Stillbirth
An infant born after 20/40 (or birthweight >400gm if unknown gestation) who did not show any signs of life after birth
38
Perinatal mortality rate
The number of stillbirths plus neonatal deaths per 1000 births
39
Maternal death
The death of a woman while pregnant (irrespective of the gestation) or within 42 days of the conclusion of the pregnancy irrespective of the cause of death or gestation at delivery
40
Maternal mortality rate
Number of maternal deaths per 100,000 births
41
Infant death
Death of an infant b/w 29 days and 1 year of life
42
Station
The level of descent of the presenting part relative to the pelvic brim or symphysis on abdominal palpation, or to the ischial spines on vaginal examination
43
Lie
The relationship between the long axis of the foetus and the long axis of the uterus
Eg: longitudinal, oblique, transverse
44
Position
The relationship of a defined area on the presenting part (the "denominator") to the mother's pelvis. In a cephalic presentation, the denominator is the occiput, thus the foetal position is described as occipito-anterior (OA), occipito-posterior (OP), left or right occipito-transverse (L/ROT). In a breach presentation, the denominator is the sacrum (SA, SP, ST)
45
Presentation
The part of the foetus which is presenting
| Eg vertex, breech
46
Asynclitism
Side to side tilt of the foetal head
47
Caput
Oedema from obstructed venous return in the foetal scalp caused by pressure of head against the cervix
48
Cervical incompetence
Painless cervical dilatation in the second trimester causing preterm labour
49
Cord prolapse
The cord is alongside or below the presenting part in the presence of ruptured membranes
50
Episiotomy
Surgical incision of the perineum during the second stage of labour
51
Third degree tear
Perineal trauma which involves the vaginal mucosa, perineal muscles and external anal sphincter
52
Second degree tear
Perineal trauma which involves the vaginal mucosa and perineal muscles
53
Lochia
Vaginal discharge during the puerperium
54
Oligohydramnios
Reduced amniotic fluid
55
Polyhydramnios
Excess amniotic fluid
56
Pre-eclampsia
Hypertension and proteinuria in pregnancy
57
Eclampsia
A seizure in the clinical setting of preeclampsia
58
Amniocentesis
Sampling of amniotic fluid using a needle through the abdominal wall of the woman
59
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
Sampling of the placenta using a needle under ultrasound guidance
60
External cephalic version
Turning a breech baby to cephalic presentation through the maternal abdominal wall
61
Retained placenta
Placenta still in utero 1-hour after delivery of the baby
62
Precipitate labour
Labour less than 4 hours duration
63
Shoulder dystocia
Difficulty delivering the shoulders after delivery of the foetal head
64
Puerperium
The 6-weeks following delivery
65
Quickening
Maternal perception of foetal movements
66
Restitution
Rotation of the foetal head after delivery to align with the back and shoudlers
67
Show
A discharge of blood and mucus from vagina in early labour or the days preceding labour
68
Phototherapy
Use of standard fluorecent white light and blue light therapy to photoisomerise bilirubin to allow for its excretion
69
Second degree tear
Perineal trauma which involves the vaginal mucosa and perineal muscles
70
Lochia
Vaginal discharge during the puerperium
71
Oligohydramnios
Reduced amniotic fluid
72
Polyhydramnios
Excess amniotic fluid
73
Pre-eclampsia
Hypertension and proteinuria in pregnancy
74
Eclampsia
A seizure in the clinical setting of preeclampsia
75
Amniocentesis
Sampling of amniotic fluid using a needle through the abdominal wall of the woman
76
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
Sampling of the placenta using a needle under ultrasound guidance
77
External cephalic version
Turning a breech baby to cephalic presentation through the maternal abdominal wall
78
Retained placenta
Placenta still in utero 1-hour after delivery of the baby
79
Precipitate labour
Labour less than 4 hours duration
80
Shoulder dystocia
Difficulty delivering the shoulders after delivery of the foetal head
81
Puerperium
The 6-weeks following delivery
82
Quickening
Maternal perception of foetal movements
83
Restitution
Rotation of the foetal head after delivery to align with the back and shoudlers
84
Show
A discharge of blood and mucus from vagina in early labour or the days preceding labour
85
Phototherapy
Use of standard fluorecent white light and blue light therapy to photoisomerise bilirubin to allow for its excretion
86
Exchange transfusion
Procedure to treat severe newborn pathological jaundice in which blood is removed and replaced with donor blood. This removes the bilirubin and also the antibodies that have been causing haemolysis and jaundice
87
Low birthweight baby
88
Very low birthweight baby
89
Neonatal respiratory distress
Tachypnoea, increased effort of breathing, noisy breathing and central cyanosis
90
Caesarean hysterectomy
Laparotomy at which the contents of the gravid uterus are delivered, then the uterus is excised (eg due to placenta accretia)
91
Perimortem CS
Caesarean section performed on a moribund or dead woman with a view to preserving her life
92
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)
An overarching term for disturbed menstrual bleeding, which includes bleeding that is abnormally heavy or abnormal in timing
93
Primary ammenorrhoea
Absence of periods ever
94
Secondary ammenorrhoea
Absence of periods for 6/12
95
Intermenstrual bleeding
Bleeding episodes between normally timed menstrual periods that are either random of follow a cyclical pattern
96
Irregular menstrual bleeding
Unpredictable onset of menses, with cycle variations of >20d over a period of 1y
97
Prolonged menstrual bleeding
Menstrual bleeding lasting >8d on a regular basis
98
Acute AUB
An episode of heavy bleeding that, in the clinician's opinion, is sufficiently heavy to require immediate treatment to prevent further blood loss
99
Chronic AUB
Bleeding from the uterine corpus that is abnormal in volume, duration, and/or frequency and has been present for most of the past 6/12
100
Heavy menstrual bleeding (aka menorrhagia)
Excessive menstrual blood loss that interferes with a woman's physical, emotional, social and material quality of life, occurring alone or with other symptoms.
Note that this definition includes menstrual bleeding deemed excessive by the patient regardless of its regularity, frequency or duration
101
Dysmenorrhoea
Pelvic pain during menstruation
102
Dyspareunia
Pain with sexual intercourse
103
Cervical excitation
Pain felt by the woman when her cervix is moved during vaginal examination, typically from free blood in the peritoneal cavity
104
Cervical ectropion
The endocervical columnar epithelium protrude through the external os of the cervix and onto the vaginal portion of the cervix.
105
Infertility
Failure of a couple to conceive in 1y of unprotected sex
106
Endometrioisis
The occurrence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, most commonly on the pelvic peritoneal surfaces
107
Adenomyosis
The occurrence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium
108
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes or pelvis
109
Menopause
The final menstrual period
110
Premature menopause
Menopause occurring
111
Climacteric/perimenopause
The periods of time when ovarian function declines and menopausal symptoms appear
112
Post-menopause
The time after menopause
113
Lactational amenorrhoea method
Effective contraception provided when a women is fully breast-feeding a baby less than 6/12 of age and has no return of menses
