Terminology Flashcards
(173 cards)
1
Q
Anatomy
A
Study of the structures that form the body. Latin for “cutting up” like in a dissection.
2
Q
Physiology
A
How the parts of the body work.
3
Q
Pathology
A
Study of abnormalities from normal function.
4
Q
Physio-
A
Greek for “nature/natural”
5
Q
Patho-
A
Greek for “suffering” or “disease”
6
Q
-ology
A
Study of
7
Q
Homeo-
A
Of the same kind
8
Q
stasis
A
Still or static
9
Q
intra
A
inside
10
Q
extra
A
outside
11
Q
cellular
A
cell
12
Q
inter-
A
between (cells)
13
Q
-stitial
A
positioned
14
Q
Cyto-
A
Cell (“hollow vessel”)
15
Q
-ology
A
A field of study
16
Q
toxic
A
poison
17
Q
Eukaryotes
A
with nucleus
18
Q
Prokaryotes
A
without nucleus
19
Q
DNA
A
Deoxyribonuclaic acid. DNA is a self replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
20
Q
RNA
A
Ribonucleic acid. Essential for genetics and protein
synthesis.
21
Q
Organ-
A
The Latin ‘oganum’ meaning instrument/tool
22
Q
organelles
A
any number of specialised structures within a living cell
23
Q
phospho-
A
phosphate
24
Q
lipid
A
fat
25
bilayer
double layer
26
trans-
across
27
ions
a molecule with an electric charge, e.g. hydrogen, sodium, potassium
28
erythro
red
29
genes
sub-sections of DNA that act as instructions to make protein. Located along chromosomes.
30
cytoskeleton
network of protein filaments that extends through the cytosol. Formed by microtubules and microfilaments. Help cells to generate movement, and determine cell's physical shape. Assist in cell division.
31
mitochondria
second largest organelle and bean shaped. Cell powerhouses because they generate ATP.
32
ribosomes
act as the sites of protein synthesis. High content of RNA. They are either free (mobile) in cytoplasm or bound to rough endoplasmic reticulum (stationary).
33
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Network of membranes in the form of flattened sacs. Rough ER's outer surface is studded with ribosomes and it synthesises and transports proteins. Smooth ER contains no ribosomes but contains unique enzymes and synthesises lipids and steroid hormones.
34
golgi apparatus
The cell post office. It modifies, sorts, packages and transports proteins received from the rough ER.
35
lysosomes
Special types of membrane enclosed vesicles that perform a key role in cell digestion. Contain as many as 60 powerful enzymes and recycle worn out cell structures. Also digest foreign cells.
36
lyso-
breakdown
37
soma
body
38
mito-
Greek for "warp thread"
39
-osis
process
40
meiosis
Greek meaning 'diminish'. The process through wich gametes (sex cells) are formed.
41
syntheses
production
42
mRNA
messenger RNA
43
epi-
covering
44
-thelial
layer of cells
45
synovial
lubricating fluid found in many joints
46
cutaneous
Latin for skin
47
mucous
a secretion lining mucous membranes
48
serous
a thin watery fluid
49
parietal
Latin for walls of a cavity
50
viscera
referring to organs of the body
51
supine
lying face UP
52
prone
lying face DOWN
53
medial
nearer the midline
54
lateral
away from the midline
55
bilateral
both sides
56
unilateral
one side
57
ipsilateral
on the same side
58
contralateral
on the opposite side
59
proximal
nearer the trunk
60
distal
further from the trunk
61
anterior
nearer the front
62
posterial
nearer the back
63
superior
towards the top
64
inferior
towards the bottom
65
coronal/frontal plane
separating the body front and back
66
saggital plane
separating the body left and right
67
horizontal/transverse plane
separating the body top and bottom
68
osteo-
bone
69
-cyte
cell
70
-clasts
broken
71
-blast
immature
72
osteogenic cells
unspecialised stem cells (like fetus)
73
osteoblasts
bone building cells that synthesise and secrete collagen and other components of the bony matrix (like teenager)
74
osteocytes
mature bone cells that have had a full life and maintain the daily metabolism of bone (like retiree)
75
peri-
layer surrounding
76
diaphysis
shaft
77
endo-
within
78
chondral
cartilage
79
calcitonin
a hormone that lowers blood calcium levels
80
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
a hormone that increases blood calcium
81
ortho-
correct or straighten
82
dontist
teeth
83
bursae
purse or pouch
84
callus
mass of tissue
85
-porosis
porous
86
-malacia
softening
87
hyper-
elevated
88
calc
calcium
89
-aemia
in the blood
90
myelo-
marrow
91
-itis
inflammation
92
ankylosis
fusion
93
sponylo-
spine
94
thermo-
heat
95
genesis
creation
96
sphincter
a circular muscle
97
sacro-
muscular
98
plasm-
from 'plasma', meaning fluid
99
myo-
muscle
100
globin
sphere/protein
101
fibril
relating to fibre/filament
102
neuro-
nerves
103
sacro-
muscular
104
-mere
part
105
a-
absence
106
hyper-
increase
107
-trophy
growth in size, development
108
ATP
adenosine triphosphate
109
aerobic
with oxygen
110
an-
without
111
-lysis
breakdown
112
globin
a spherical protein
113
hyper-
boyond normal
114
glyco-
sugar
115
-lytic
to release
116
occiput
back of head
117
frontalis
front
118
orbi
circular
119
oculi
eye
120
sterno
sternum
121
mastoid
mastoid process of the temporal bone
122
cleido
clavicle
123
trapezi
trapezoid shape
124
latissimus
widest
125
dorsi
of the back
126
quad
four
127
lumbo
lumbar region
128
pector
chest
129
major
largest
130
rectus
fascicles parallel to midline
131
transversus
across
132
flexor
decreases angle
133
carpi
wrist
134
extensor
increase angle
135
glute
buttock
136
gastro-
belly
137
cnem
leg
138
arrector
Latin for "to raise"
139
pili
Latin for hair
140
-plasia
formation or development
141
-algia
painful condition
142
myalgia
muscle pain
143
-asthenia
weakness
144
ptosis
from greek word "fall"
145
alveolar
air sacs in lungs
146
macrophages
phagocytes (white blood cells)
147
mucocillary escalator
hairs that remove foreign particles out of respiratory tract
148
concha
Latin for 'shell'
149
olfactory
smell
150
para-
beside
151
carina
ridge
152
surfectant
surface & active substance
153
apex
tip/peak
154
ventus
Latin for 'wind'
155
oxy-
oxygen
156
haem-
blood
157
chemo-
chemical
158
dys-
difficulty
159
pnoea
breathing
160
rhin-
nose
161
oedema
fluid swelling
162
peri-
Greek for 'around'
163
abcess
collection of pus
164
dys-
difficulty
165
-phagia
swallowing
166
pharyng
pharynx
167
tachy
rapid
168
-pnoea
breath/breathing
169
pulmonary
lungs
170
thorax
cavity under the ribs
171
pneumo-
lungs or air
172
-crine
to secrete
173
-pepsia
relating to digestion
