Terminology

Question 1

proximal

Answer 1

nearest the point of attachment

Question 2

distal

Answer 2

away from point of origin

Question 3

medial

Answer 3

toweard the midline

Question 4

lateral

Answer 4

away from midline

Question 5

ipsilateral

Answer 5

affecting same side of the body

Question 6

contralateral

Answer 6

affecting opposite side of the body

Question 7

unilateral

Answer 7

occurring on one side of the body

Question 8

bilateral

Answer 8

occurring on both sides of the body

Question 9

anterior

Answer 9

structure lying toward the front of the patient

Question 10

posterior

Answer 10

structure lying toward the back of the patient

Question 11

superior/cranial/caudal

Answer 11

structure closer to patient’s head

Question 12

inferior

Answer 12

structure lying towards the patient’s feet

Question 13

superficial

Answer 13

toward or on the body surface

Question 14

deep

Answer 14

away from the body surface

Question 15

supine

Answer 15

lying face up

Question 16

prone

Answer 16

lying face down

Question 17

sagittal

Answer 17

parallel to the median line, divides into right and left

Question 18

transverse plane

Answer 18

divides into superior and inferior portions

Question 19

coronal

Answer 19

divides into anterior and posterior portions

Question 20

oblique

Answer 20

on a slant from the other planes

Question 21

ultrasound

Answer 21

sound waves which have a frequency above the audible range of the human ear

Question 22

acoustics

Answer 22

science of sound including its production, propagation and effects

Question 23

acoustic wave

Answer 23

mechanical disturbance which propagates through a continuous medium

Question 24

acoustic window

Answer 24

medium or structure through which the sound travels

Question 25

gray scale imaging

Answer 25

image displayed in multiple shades of gray

Question 26

color flow imaging

Answer 26

ability of blood flow to be displayed in multiple colors depending on the velocity and direction of blood flow

Question 27

duplex imaging

Answer 27

simultaneous display of gray-scale/color and Doppler

Question 28

Dopper

Answer 28

behavior of sound waves as they reflect off moving fluid; waveform is produced

Question 29

sector

Answer 29

shape of image; dependent on transducer

Question 30

transducer

Answer 30

device converting energy from one form to another

Question 31

frequency

Answer 31

number of cycles per second measured in MHz

Question 32

shallow penetration

Answer 32

High MHz, (7.5 MHz-15 MHz)

Question 33

deep penetration

Answer 33

Low MHz (1.5 -5 MHz)

Question 34

A.L.A.R.A principle

Answer 34

As Low as Reasonably Achievable

Question 35

anechoic

Answer 35

no internal echoes

Question 36

echogenic

Answer 36

high volume of echoes, solid white

Question 37

hyperechoic

Answer 37

contains many echoes

Question 38

hypoechoic

Answer 38

contains only a few echoes

Question 39

homogeneous

Answer 39

sense of having a uniform echogenicity

Question 40

heterogeneous

Answer 40

irregular echogenicity

Question 41

isoechoic

Answer 41

has same echogenicity as compared to surrounding tissue

Question 42

solid

Answer 42

defines a mass with no fluid filled areas

Question 43

cyst

Answer 43

fluid filled mass

Question 44

complex

Answer 44

mass has both fluid filled and solid components

Question 45

artifact

Answer 45

part of an image that does not accurately represent the underlying anatomy

Question 46

shadowing

Answer 46

failure of the sound beam to pass through an object, posterior to a solid structure

Question 47

acoustic enhancement

Answer 47

increased echo intensity posterior/distal to a fluid filled area

Question 48

attenuation

Answer 48

weakening of the sound beam as it travels through body tissue

Question 49

angling

Answer 49

sweeping the beam along its axis

Question 50

rotating

Answer 50

twisting the transducer in a circular motion while holding it in one place

Question 51

rocking/ heel-toe

Answer 51

rocking the probe along the curve or rounded portion of the scan head

Question 52

sliding

Answer 52

moving the probe face along the surface of the skin