Terminology Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are risk factors?
Exposures that increase the likelihood of developing certain disorders, conditions, or diseases.
The independent variable is called the…
Exposure
The dependent variable is called the…
Outcome
Where is insulin released from? What type of hormone is insulin?
From beta cells in the pancreas. Insulin is a major anabolic hormone.
What triggers blood insulin levels to decrease?
When glucose is taken up by tissues and used
What type of hormone is glucagon? When does glucagon decrease?
Is it a counter-regulatory hormone and a catabolic hormone. Glucagon decreases when we consume carbohydrates
When does glucagon increase?
Glucagon increases during periods of fasting. It increases as glucose levels fall.
Define anabolism
The set of metabolic pathways that CONSTRUCT molecules from smaller units
What type of cells make glucagon?
Alpha cells in the pancreas
What inhibits Phosphofructokinase (PFK)?
PFK is inhibited by ATP, low pH, citrate, and by glucagon (in the liver)
What stimulates Phosphofructokinase (PFK)?
PFK is stimulated by AMP and ADP and insulin
What enzyme catalyzes the committed step in glycolysis. What is the product?
Phosphofructokinase-1 catalyzes the important “committed” step. Fructo-1,6-bisphosphate
About how much sodium is INSIDE the cell
12-15mM
About how much potassium is INSIDE the cell
120mM
About how much calcium is INSIDE the cell
.0001
About how much chloride is INSIDE the cell
15-20mM
About how much protein is INSIDE the cell
4mM
What is the pH inside the cell
7.2
About how much magnesium is INSIDE the cell
.5 mM
About how much glucose is INSIDE the cell
<1mM
