Terminology

Question 1

Ostium

Answer 1

opening into a vessel or cavity of the body. Like fallopian tube ostium at the infundibulum

Question 2

The basal lamina is a layer of extracellular matrix secreted by the epithelial cells, on which the epithelium sits. It is often incorrectly referred to as the basement membrane, though it does constitute a portion of the basement membrane

Answer 2

…

Question 3

Apocrine

Answer 3

exocrine glands when the release of secretory materials is accompanied with loss of part of cytoplasm.

Question 4

Merocrine

Answer 4

cell is classified as merocrine if the secretions of that cell are excreted via exocytosis from secretory cells into an epithelial-walled duct or ducts and then onto a bodily surface or into the lumen.

Question 5

Moving toward or away from a atimulus

Answer 5

Taxis

Ex: chemotaxis

Question 6

Inflammatory infiltrate definition

Answer 6

1) A microscopic finding indicating the presence of acute, subacute or chronic inflammation in a tissue sample.
2) Inflammatory cell infiltration occurs when inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasmacytes, macrophages and mast cells infiltrate around the blood vessels (perivascular infiltration)

Question 7

Chronic infiltrate means

Answer 7

The cell types that characterize what pathologists term chronic inflammation primarily including lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells

Question 8

Acute inflammatory infiltrate

Answer 8

The predominant cell of acute inflammation is the neutrophil.

Question 9

Macules (dermatology terms)

Answer 9

Macules are circumscribed alterations in skin color. The skin surface is neither elevated or depressed in relation to the surrounding skin. Macules may be of any size or color. A macule greater than 2 cm in diameter is called a patch

Question 10

Papule ( dermatology terms)

Answer 10

solid, elevated lesion with no visible fluid which may be up to 1⁄2 cm in diameter.
The elevation may be accounted for by metabolic deposits, infiltrates, or hyperplasia of cellular elements, etc.

Question 11

Nodules (dermatology terms)

Answer 11

forms of papules, but are larger and deeper. They may be located in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue, or in the epidermis. Nodules are usually 1⁄2 cm. or more in diameter

Question 12

Plaque

Answer 12

elevated area of skin 2 cm. or more in diameter. It may be formed by a coalescence of papules or nodules. The surface area is greater than its height. It is a plate-like lesion

Question 13

localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by disintegration or necrosis of tissue

Answer 13

Abscess

Question 14

Cyst

Answer 14

closed sac that contains liquid or semisolid material. On palpation a cyst is usually resilient.

Question 15

Erosion (dermatology related)

Answer 15

Loss of epidermis

Question 16

Ulcer ( dermatology related)

Answer 16

Loss of epidermis and dermis ( and sometimes deeper tissue)

Question 17

Pruritus

Answer 17

Itching

Question 18

Crusting

Answer 18

بقشر تقشير

Question 19

brown-to-black, poorly defined, velvety hyperpigmentation of the skin. It is usually found in body folds, such as the posterior and lateral folds of the neck, the armpits, groin, navel, forehead and other areas.

Answer 19

Acanthosis

Question 20

Mesenchymal tumors ( sarcoma)

Answer 20

entities originating from mesodermal-derived precursor cells that develop into bone, cartilage, or other connective tissues, such as blood vessels, adipose tissue, smooth muscle, or fibroblasts; in the CNS they most commonly arise from the meninges rather than the CNS parenchyma.

Question 21

Sarcoma is

Answer 21

malignant tumor, a type of cancer that arises from transformed cells of mesenchymal (connective tissue) origin. Connective tissue is a broad term that includes bone, cartilage, fat, vascular, or hematopoietic tissues, and sarcomas can arise in any of these types of tissues.

Question 22

Carcinomas are much more common, accounting for 85% to 90% of cancers. Sarcomas, in contrast, represent slightly less than 1% of cancer types

Answer 22

يعني بشكل عام ما تتفاجئ وتقعد تبصم لما الدكتور يقلك انه هذا العضو بصير فيه carcinoma more than sarcoma

Question 23

Carcinoma

Answer 23

Carcinoma is a malignancy that develops from epithelial cells. Specifically, a carcinoma is a cancer that begins in a tissue that lines the inner or outer surfaces of the body

Question 24

Liquefactive necrosis

Answer 24

Necrotic tiasue that becomes liquefied; enzymatic lysis of cells & proteins results in liquefaction

Example; ABSCESS

Question 25

Caseous necrosis

Answer 25

Soft friable necrotic tissue with cheese-like appearance
زي الجبنة لوناً وملمساً (هش)
TB cause caseous granuloma

Question 26

Stasis:

Answer 26

A stoppage or slowdown in the flow of blood or other body fluid, such as lymph. For example, a stasis ulcer is an ulcer that develops in an area in which the circulation is sluggish and the venous return (the return of venous blood toward the heart) is poor.