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Anatomy 100 > Terminology, Introduction, and Nervous System > Flashcards

Terminology, Introduction, and Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Proximal and Distal are related to…

A

the head; for the same bone.

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2
Q

Proximal =

A

closer to the head.

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3
Q

Distal =

A

further from head.

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4
Q

Lateral and Medial are related to…

A

the midline; splits body in half (vertically).

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5
Q

Medial =

A

closer to the midline.

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6
Q

Lateral =

A

further from midline

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7
Q

Superior and Inferior apply to

A

the head, neck, trunk.

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8
Q

Superior =

A

top half of body (above waist)

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9
Q

Inferior =

A

bottom half of body (below waist)

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10
Q

Transverse/Horizontal plane divides body into…

A

superior and inferior.

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11
Q

Frontal/Coronal plane divides body into…

A

anterior and posterior

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12
Q

Sagittal plane divides body into…

A

right and left parts

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13
Q

What do Arteries do?

A

Carry blood oxygenated in the lungs and then pumped by the heart to the tissues of the body.
Usually coloured red in anatomical images.

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14
Q

What do Veins do?

A

Returns blood that has supplied the tissues back to the heart, to be sent to the lungs to be reoxygenated.
Usually coloured blue in anatomical images.

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15
Q

What are the three types of muscles?

A

Cardiac, Smooth, Skeletal

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16
Q

The function of cardiac muscles?

A

Regulated by the hearts pacemaker.
Not voluntary
e.g the heart.

17
Q

The function of smooth muscles?

A

Found in arteries, digestive and urinary tracts.
Not voluntary
e.g. intestines

18
Q

The function of skeletal muscles?

A 
Voluntary
Produces movement.
Maintains posture and position.
Supports/protects.
Maintains body temperature.
Stores nutrients.
e.g. bicep brachii
19
Q

The function of the medullary cavity?

A

It’s the hollow part of the bone that contains bone marrow. The bone marrow makes blood cells and stores fat.

20
Q

The function of the periosteum?

A

Nourishes compact bones and provides sites for the attachment of tendons and ligaments

21
Q

The function of the spongy bone?

A

Reduces the density of bone and allows the ends of long bones to compress as the result of stresses applied to the bone.

22
Q

The function of the compact bone?

A

It provides protection and strength to bones. Consists of units called osteons.

23
Q

The function of the synovial membrane?

A

A layer of connective tissue that lines the cavities of joints and tendons. The synovial membrane makes synovial fluid, which has a lubricating function.

24
Q

The function of the articular cartilage?

A

Provide a smooth, lubricated surface for low friction articulation.

25
Q

The function of the synovial fluid?

A

Is a thick liquid located between your joints. The fluid cushions the ends of bones and reduces friction when you move your joints.

26
Q

The function of the fibrous joint capsule?

A

The capsule limits unnecessary movement, while providing stability to the joint.

27
Q

The function of Somatic Nervous System

A

Conscious voluntary control e.g. skeletal muscle action or sensations you are aware of.

28
Q

The function of Autonomic Nervous System

A

Involuntary smooth muscles, cardiac muscles and glands. The ANS senses body conditions and makes adjustments.

29
Q

What is the tubercle? (feature of bone)

A

A tubercle is a small rounded point of a bone. It also refers to a nodule attached to bone, mucous membrane.

30
Q

What is the fossa (feature of bone)?

A

is a depression or hollow, usually in a bone

31
Q

What is the crest (feature of bone)?

A

A raised or prominent part of the edge of a bone. Crests are often the sites where connective tissue attaches muscle to bone.

32
Q

Different parts of a bone as the architecture differs?

A

Periosteum
Compact/cortical bone
Spongy bone
Medullary cavity

Anatomy 100 (4 decks)

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