Terminology - Lexis

Question 1

Morphemes

Answer 1

An aspect of grammar which refers to grammatical markings - these change and make meanings
E.g. ‘talked’ is 2 morphemes - ‘talk’ and ‘ed’
Often have 3 forms - prefix, suffix and base word

Question 2

Proper nouns

Answer 2

Refer to specific people and places e.g Paris, Emma

Question 3

Concrete noun

Answer 3

Refer to things that exist physically e.g. house, computer

Question 4

Abstract noun

Answer 4

Refer to things that do not exist physically - feelings, ideas, qualities
E.g. love, hate

Question 5

Collective nouns

Answer 5

Refer to a group of people, animals or objects
E.g. team, family, herd

Question 6

Pre-modifying adjective

Answer 6

Comes before the noun
E.g the sudden noise

Question 7

Post-modifying adjective

Answer 7

Comes after the noun
E.g. grammar is brilliant

Question 8

Comparative adjectives

Answer 8

Used to compare one noun to another
E.g stronger/bigger

Question 9

Superlative adjective

Answer 9

Demonstrates that the adjective is the least or the most
E.g biggest/smallest

Question 10

Noun phrases

Answer 10

Nouns modified by adjectives that could be replaced by a pronoun
‘The beautiful animal’ was kept in a cage… could become it was kept in a cage but ‘the beautiful animal’ is the noun phrase

Question 11

Dynamic verbs

Answer 11

Denote a physical action e.g. running or sleeping
If a text uses a lot of dynamic verbs could suggest the text producer wants you to take some direct physical action etc

Question 12

Stative verbs

Answer 12

Denote a state of mind e.g thinking, wondering
Lots of stative verbs may be used to inflict emotion

Question 13

Transitive verbs

Answer 13

= dynamic verbs that require an object
E.g. she kicked the ball’

Question 14

Intransitive verbs

Answer 14

= dynamic verbs that do not require an object
E.g sneeze, laugh, sit

Question 15

Finite verb

Answer 15

When a verb has a subject and a tense
‘She was waiting in the room before he came in’

Question 16

Infinitive verbs - non finite

Answer 16

-ing -ed forms
‘Paint the whole cupboard starting at the bottom’
You cannot tell the tense

Question 17

Auxiliary verbs

Answer 17

Used in forming the tenses, moods, and voices of other verbs
They are used alongside other verbs to give more info
Two types:
Primary
Modal

Question 18

Primary auxiliary verbs

Answer 18

Be
Do
Have
When changing tense can become, is, had ,has ect

Question 19

Modal auxiliary verbs

Answer 19

Express necessity or possibility
Must, shall, will, should, would, could, may, can, might

Question 20

Deontic modality

Answer 20

Modal verbs of certainty
E.g can, will, must

Question 21

Epistemic modality

Answer 21

Modal verbs of possibility
E.g may, could

Question 22

Personal pronoun

Answer 22

Replaces the subject or object in a sentence e.g I, him, we

Question 23

Indefinite pronouns

Answer 23

Do not refer to any specific person or thing e.g someone

Question 24

Demonstrative pronouns

Answer 24

Tend to point something out e.g. that/this

Question 25

Possessive pronoun

Answer 25

Shows possession e.g ‘hers’ ‘mine’

Question 26

Interrogative pronoun

Answer 26

Used when asking a question e.g whose, who, which

Question 27

Relative pronouns

Answer 27

Act as a linking word in a sentence, always placed immediately after the noun
E.g the man, who had decided to go home..

Question 28

Determiner

Answer 28

When a noun follows a word
E.g this car is new

Question 29

Definite article

Answer 29

The

Question 30

Indefinite article

Answer 30

A/an

Question 31

Numerical determiner

Answer 31

One/two/three
First/second/third

Question 32

Quantifier

Answer 32

Shows quantity e.g. few, many

Question 33

Demonstrative determiners

Answer 33

Refer only to specific objects or people e.g. this, that, these

Question 34

Proposition

Answer 34

Word that tells you where or when something is in relation to something else
E.g after, before, above

Question 35

Conjunctions

Answer 35

Words used to connect words, phrases or clauses

Question 36

Coordinating conjunction

Answer 36

Join like with like e.g noun and noun or adjective with adjective
And, but, or

Question 37

Subordinating conjunction

Answer 37

Join subordinate clauses to main clauses
E.g although, because, if, unless

Question 38

Correlative conjunction

Answer 38

Used in pairs to join alternatives or equal elements
E.h either/or, neither/nor