Termodinámica🌡️ Flashcards

1
Q

Q. calor

A

Q= △E+W
a volumen constante Q= △E

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2
Q

W. trabajo

A

W=P △V. W= △nRT. W= △H0- △E

W=Q- △E. a T constante W=Q

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3
Q

W>0

A

trabajo de expansión
el sistema pierde energía

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4
Q

W<0

A

trabajo de compresión
el sistema gana energía

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5
Q

△n

A

△n= Σn(x)RT

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6
Q

△E energía interna

A

△E= △H0-W. △E=Q-W.

V constante △E=Q

T constante △E=0

P constante △E=Q-P △V

Si no entra ni sale calor △E=-W

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7
Q

a menor △E

A

más estable

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8
Q

△E>0

A

aumenta la energía interna del sistema

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9
Q

△E<0

A

disminuye la energía interna del sistema

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10
Q

△H. entalpía (0 en sust. simples y en disolución)

A

△H= △E+W

△H= △G+T △S

△H=[Σn(x)△Hf(x)]prod - [Σn(x)△Hf(x)]reacc

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11
Q

△H>0

A

proceso endotérmico, absorbe energía

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12
Q

△H<0

A

proceso exotérmico, desprende energía

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13
Q

△H +

A

reacción directa

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14
Q

△H -

A

reacción inversa

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15
Q

△S. entropía

A

△S=[Σn(x)Sf(x)]p - [Σn(x)Sf(x)]r

△S= △H - △G / T

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16
Q

△S>0

A

si △n>0 (directo)
aumenta el desorden molecular

17
Q

△S<0

A

si △n<0 directo
disminuye el desorden molecular

18
Q

△G. energía libre

A

△G=[Σn(x)Gf(x)]p - [Σn(x)Gf(x)]r

△G= △H-T △S

△G=0 para sustancias simples

19
Q

△G>0

A

reacción no espontánea

20
Q

△G<0

A

reacción espontánea

21
Q

△G=0

A

reacción en estado de equilibrio

22
Q

proceso adiabático

A

no entra ni sale calor del sistema
Q=0. △E=-Q

23
Q

proceso isocórico

A

V constante
W=0. △E=Q

24
Q

proceso isobárico

A

P constante
W=P △V. △E=Q-W

25
Q

proceso isotérmico

A

temperatura constante para gases ideales

△E=0. Q=W