Terms 1

Question 1

What term describes a cell with half the number of chromosomes (one set) as a diploid cell?

Answer 1

Haploid cell

Question 2

What term describes a cell with two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent?

Answer 2

Diploid cell

Question 3

What are the haploid reproductive cells (sperm and egg) produced by meiosis called?

Answer 3

Gametes

Question 4

What are the body cells called?

Answer 4

Autosomes

Question 5

What are the cells in the ovaries/testes called?

Answer 5

Germ cells

Question 6

What term describes chromosome pairs (one from each parent) that have the same genes but may carry different alleles?

Answer 6

Homologous chromosomes

Question 7

What is the process called that produces gametes with half the chromosome number of the parent cell?

Answer 7

Meiosis

Question 8

What are the two identical copies of a single chromosome held together by a centromere called?

Answer 8

Sister Chromatids

Question 9

What process occurs during prophase I of meiosis, where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material?

Answer 9

Crossing over

Question 10

What is the point where homologous chromosomes are physically connected during crossing over called?

Answer 10

Chiasma (Chiasmata)

Question 11

What is the pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis called?

Answer 11

Synapsis

Question 12

What structure forms when homologous chromosomes pair up during prophase I of meiosis?

Answer 12

Tetrad

Question 13

What principle states that chromosomes are randomly distributed to gametes during meiosis, increasing genetic diversity?

Answer 13

Independant Assortment

Question 14

What is the first division of meiosis called, where homologous chromosomes are separated?

Answer 14

Meiosis I

Question 15

What is the second division of meiosis called, where sister chromatids are separated?

Answer 15

Meiosis II

Question 16

What is the diploid cell formed by the fusion of two haploid gametes during fertilization called?

Answer 16

Zygote

Question 17

What is the longest phase of meiosis I, where crossing over and synapsis occur?

Answer 17

Prophase I

Question 18

What phase of meiosis I involves homologous chromosome pairs lining up at the metaphase plate?

Answer 18

Metaphase I

Question 19

What phase of meiosis I involves homologous chromosomes being pulled to opposite poles?

Answer 19

Anaphase I

Question 20

What phase of meiosis I ends with two haploid cells, each containing duplicated chromosomes?

Answer 20

Telophase I

Question 21

What phase of meiosis II involves the re-condensation of chromosomes in the two haploid cells?

Answer 21

Prophase II

Question 22

What phase of meiosis II involves chromosomes lining up at the metaphase plate in each haploid cell?

Answer 22

Metaphase II

Question 23

What phase of meiosis II involves sister chromatids being pulled to opposite poles?

Answer 23

Anaphase II

Question 24

What phase of meiosis II ends with four haploid cells, each with unduplicated chromosomes?

Answer 24

Telophase II

Question 25

What is the result of crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis, leading to unique combinations of genes?

Answer 25

Genetic variation

Question 26

What is the failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis, leading to abnormal chromosome numbers?

Answer 26

Non-disjunction

Question 27

What is a visual representation of an individual’s chromosomes, used to detect chromosomal abnormalities?

Answer 27

Karyotype