Terms

Question 1

Aquifer

Answer 1

A natural underground layer of porous, water-bearing materials usually capable of yielding a large amount of water

Question 2

Flow Rate

Answer 2

Also known as GPM, is the measurement of how many gallons of water potentially flow out of something

Question 3

Air Gap

Answer 3

An open vertical drop, or vertical empty space, that separates a drinking water supply to be protected from another water system in a water treatment plant or other location. This open gap prevents the contamination of drinking water by backsihonage or backflow because there is no way raw water or any other water can reach the drinking water

Question 4

GUDI

Answer 4

Groundwater under direct influence of surface water

Question 5

Breakpoint Chlorination

Answer 5

Breakpoint chlorination is the process of adding chlorine to water until the chlorine demand has been satisfied

Question 6

Clearwell

Answer 6

Is a treated water storage tank at the treatment plant that allows the plant to operate continuously at a constant flow

Question 7

Standpipe

Answer 7

Are tanks that stand on the ground and can provide large volumes of water at low pressures

Question 8

Reservoirs

Answer 8

Constructed out of concrete and are either circular or rectangular in shape. They may be buried in the ground or located on the ground surface

Question 9

Blow-out

Answer 9

Occurs when corrosion has reduced the strength of the pipe wall and where. a pressure surge causes the wall to rupture

Question 10

Pinhole

Answer 10

Leaks that are very small holes in the pipe wall

Question 11

Circumferential Break

Answer 11

Occur when a pipe cracks along its circumference (due to corrosion or external forces)

Question 12

Cathodic Protection

Answer 12

This type of protection consists of a “sacrificial anode or cathode” made of zinc or magnesium. These anodes or cathodes are buried in the ground in close proximity to the pipe and in areas that are prone to external corrosion. These metals deteriorate first and thus protect the pipe material from deterioration

Question 13

Water hammer

Answer 13

The force caused by a sudden change in water velocity

Question 14

Cryptosporidium

Answer 14

Responsible for a diarrheal disease, and is a protozoa of major concern as a source of waterborne diseases

Question 15

Heterotrophic Plate Count

Answer 15

Provides an indication of the level of the aerobic bacteria population. This test does not provide an indication of a pubic health risk; however, the results can be used to assess treatment efficiency and distribution system conditions

Question 16

Trihalomethanes (THMs)

Answer 16

Are formed when chlorine interacts with naturally occurring organic compounds during chlorination. THMs are the most widely occurring synthetic organic compound found in chlorinated drinking water.

Question 17

Resistance

Answer 17

A material’s tendency to restrict or resist the flow of current and represented by the symbol R in electrical equations

Question 18

Ohm’s Law

Answer 18

States that in an electrical circuit, the amount of current in amperes is equal to the pressure in volts divided by the resistance in ohms.

Question 19

Turbidity

Answer 19

The cloudiness causes by suspended matter in water and is a relative measurement of water clarity. Turbidity is health for both health and aesthetic reasons

Question 20

Zebra Mussles

Answer 20

Are a species that are a threat to water systems because they can easily attach to water intake structures and the interior of water intake pipes. Block intake screens.

Question 21

Dosage

Answer 21

Amount of a chemical you put in a substance

Question 22

Chlorine gas

Answer 22

Involves using chlorine gas as the disinfectant. One method of chlorination

Question 23

Chloramination

Answer 23

The application of ammonia and chlorine, with the addition usually after the application of chlorine.

Question 24

Chlorine Demand

Answer 24

Any chlorine added to the water will have little or no disinfecting action, and additional chlorine must be added

Question 25

Total Chlorine residual

Answer 25

The sum of the free chlorine residual and the combined chlorine residual is reported as the total chlorine residual

Question 26

Free chlorine residual

Answer 26

Is formed when chlorine reacts with water to form hypochlorous acid and the hypochlorite ion

Question 27

Combined chlorine residual

Answer 27

If there is ammonia in the water, chlorine readily reacts with it to form compounds that make up the combined chlorine residual

Question 28

Surge Tanks

Answer 28

These tanks are not storage facilities, but are used mainly to control water hammer or to regulate the flow of water. To protect piplelines against destruction due to excess surge pressure.

Question 29

unidirectional flushing

Answer 29

Invloves isolating specific section of the water distribution system by closing the appropriate values to force the water to flow in a single direction

Question 30

UV disinfection

Answer 30

Most common type of non-chemcial disinfection. Used in primary disinfection of groundwater, surface water and GUDI supplies. It inactiates bacteria, viruses and cysts by penetrating cell walls and rendering the organisms unable to reproduce.

Question 31

Swabs

Answer 31

Are made of polyurethane foam and used to clean pipes

Question 32

Pig

Answer 32

Used to clean pipes. but increase possibility of pipe leaks (does not go oink)

Question 33

Flushing

Answer 33

Used to remove any construction debris or sediment from the pipe. It is used to clean out distribution pipelines by removing any impurities

Question 34

Corrosion

Answer 34

The gradual decomposition or destruction of metal material by chemicals or electrochemical reactions.

Question 35

Backflow prevention

Answer 35

Used to prevent the backflow of non-drinking water into a water system. The type of device depends on the degree of hazard and the probability of backflow occurrence.

Question 36

Double Check Valve

Answer 36

Composed of two internall loaded, independently acting check valved, tightly closing resilent seated shutoff valves attatched at each end of the assembly and fitted with tightly closing resilient seasted test cocks

Question 37

Soil Types:

Answer 37

1: Hard and dense and penetrated by sharp object 2: Stiff, dense and be be penetrated by a moderately sharp object 3: Stiff to firm and compact to lose in consistency 4: Soft to very soft soil and very loose consistency

Question 38

Boring

Answer 38

Is an alternative to trenching for the installation/repair of underground utility structures.

Question 39

Tapping

Answer 39

Used to drill or thread holes in a pipe surface. Make connection to pipelines, tanks, and other plant piping without having to shutdown the lines

Question 40

Raw water sampling requirements

Answer 40

1. For groundwater samples should be ideally be collected from a tap located as close as possible to the wall, must be taken before the water enters any storage/pressure tank and before any treatment 2. Surface water; samples must be collected prior to any chemical addition.

Question 41

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)

Question 42

DPD (Diethyl-p-phenylene diamine)

Answer 42

A chemical that is added to the water. It will turn the water from a light to dark pink depending o the amount of chlorine residual in the water

Question 43

Butterfly Valve

Answer 43

Has a movable disc as large as the full diameter of the pipe. The disc rotates on a spindle or shaft in only one direction to either block or allow the flow of water

Question 44

Ball valve

Answer 44

A movable part is a ball with a cylindrical hole bored through it. When the ball is in one position, There is a straight passenger through the valve.

Question 45

Gate valves

Answer 45

The most common type of linear stroke valves. Its main purpose is to isolate sections of mains to permit emergency repairs without interruption of service to large numbers of customers.

Question 46

SDS

Answer 46

A summary document that provides information about hazardous products and advice about safety precautions.

Question 47

Ice removal

Answer 47

Electrical thawing and hot water and thawing