Terms Flashcards
(25 cards)
British soldier and elected a member of parliament in 1722. He was a philanthropist and founder of the Georgia colony i under British rule. He hoped to resettle Britains “worthy poor” in the New World. Primarily focused on those in debt. Originally his plan failed but later on, “The Associates of Dr. Bay” sign on to his project.
James Oglethorpe
A German community that was farthest northern settlement in 1740
Waldorboro
A continual stream of Germans pushed into Maryland and Virginia during the 1730’s. This town reached the James River by 1740
Winchester
A major city that in 1700 had about 7,000 residents but by 1776 would have over 10,000. By 1770, this city ranked with London and Bristol as one of the largest English speaking cities in the world. Was extremely advanced for its age
Philadelphia
The crop that brought money into the colonies. Primarily grown in Virginia and Maryland. Competition between the 2 colonies drove the price extremely high during the 1720’s. However, as more and more people grew, the market became flooded and the price crashed.
Tobacoo
A very lucrative plant mainly found in the colonies of South Carolina and Georgia. By the time of the revolution, SC was the richest colony. From 1720 to 1776, the annual export export value of this crop increased 14x.
Rice `
Colonies such as Pennsylvania, New York, and Massachusetts enjoyed profits by exporting grain. Not anywhere near as rich as Sc but much better off than NC. Grain was exported predominantly to the Mediterranean where sugar was being grown. This was because no one wanted to waste valuable land on grain as to where sugar could have been planted instead
Bread Colonies
How much tobacco did the Chesapeake colonies export in the year 1776 alone
110 million pounds
Someone who owned land outright or held it in a lease for the duration of their life
Freehold
A hierarchical structure of all matter and life, thought by medieval Christianity to have been decreed by God. The chain begins with God and descends through angels, humans, animals and plants to minerals.
Great Chain of Being
The Boston News-Letter, first published on April 24, 1704, is regarded as the first continuously published newspaper in the colony of Massachusetts. It was heavily subsidized by the British government, with a limited circulation. All copies were approved by the Royal governor before publication.
Boston Newsletter
Broke out in 1636. This tribe was quite sizable, however they were subdued in 1637 after they had attacked a group of English settlers occupying what they regarded as their territory. A man by the name of John Mason struck the final blow when he attacked a village, burning everything and massacring without regard.
Pequot War
Also know as King Phillip. Led his tribes against the English. Was a much larger and threatening conflict than the Pequot war. Devastated much of southern and western MA. Towards the end, the large army of Native Americans threatened the original coastal towns in eastern MA. 100’s of colonists were killed. Eventually, the Indian army ran out of food and ammunition.
Metamoc
Centered around what would become Albany, NY. Initially consisted of 5 tribes: the Seneca, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Mohawk. Later on the Tuscarora tribe would join after being defeated by colonists
Iroquois Confederacy
Arminianism is a branch of Protestantism based on the theological ideas of the Dutch Reformed theologian Jacobus Arminius and his historic supporters known as Remonstrants. The movement began early in the 17th century and asserted that God’s sovereignty and human free will are compatible.
Arminianism
a long, mournful complaint or lamentation; a list of woes.
Jeremiad
Founded in 1701 by Reverend Thomas Bray and a small group of lay and clerical associates, it sent Anglican clergymen and religious literature to Britain’s colonies, supported schoolmasters and the establishment of new churches, and lobbied for a more expansive place for the Church of England in Britain’s burgeoning empire
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel
An American revivalist preacher, philosopher, and Congregationalist theologian. Is widely regarded as one of America’s most important and original philosophical theologians
Jonathan Edwards
Was an Anglican cleric and evangelist who was one of the founders of Methodism and the evangelical movement. Born in Gloucester, he matriculated at Pembroke College at the University of Oxford in 1732.
George Whitefield
Also known as the upper house of assembly. Did not function the same in the colonies as it did in England. Mainly acted as close bodies of advisors to the governor. There were generally no more than a dozen members. Positions were typically awarded to those who displayed loyalty to the crown. Would draft, vote on, and approve legislation that often benefitted those that had elected them or sponsored them.
Council
Often had very little control over the legislation that was introduced. Often members in the upper house of assembly would have allies that would introduce bills. Lowest member of (royal) politics
Lower House of Assembly
Those who had the parliamentary franchise to vote by virtue of possessing freehold property, or lands held directly of the king, of an annual rent of at least forty shillings, clear of all charges
Forty Shilling Freehold
Proposed by Benjamin Franklin. Was a rejected plan to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies at the Albany Congress on July 10, 1754 in Albany, New York.
Albany Plan of Union
Regarded as the first prime minister of England. Reigned during the time of salutary neglect (1721 to 1742). Delighted in amassing power but was not a tyrant. Addressed controversies through compromise and negotiation. Was very corrupt and often gave jobs to friends and defamed opponents. His reign gave the lower houses of assembly in the colonies a chance to amass power.
Sir Robert Walpole
