terms Flashcards
(22 cards)
sensitivity
the test says yes and reality is yes
specificity
the test says no and reality is no
False positive result ( FPR )
test says yes but reality is no
FNR
test says no but reality says yes
in terms of medical testing, is it better to have high sensitivity or specificity
sensitivity
what are we testing in a hypothesis test
a claim about the parameter
what are we looking for evidence against in a hypothesis test
against the null hypothesis
what form is the evidence against the null hypothesis in
the p-value
what does it mean if the p-value is larger than the significance
fail to reject the null; results are not statically significant
what does it mean if the p-value is smaller than the significance
reject null, accept alternative; results are statically significant
statistical significance
based on math procedures and make conclusions
practical significance
your opinion
correlation
looking for linear relationship and numerical values
causation
when one variable causes another
what is the link between a lurking variable and confounding
lurking variables cause confounding
what is the effect of an outlier on the value of a correlation coefficient
an outlier might either decrease of increase a correlation coefficient, depending on where it is in relation to the other points
confounding means
the effects of two or more variables are mixed up, so we cannot say which is causing the response
if you study more, your grade will improve
causation
want to lose weight? drink tea!
causation
aging of the brain tends to be delayed in people with a college education
association
observational study
no variables manipulated
experiment
variables manipulated
