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Hydraulics > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

1
Q

It is defined as the mass per unit volume of a substance:

A

mass density

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2
Q

“At any point in a fluid at rest the pressure is the same in
all directions” this Law is known as:

A

Pascal’s Law

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3
Q

The pressure measured by means or gages above or
below the atmospheric level is called:

A

absolute pressure

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4
Q

The pressure measure above the absolute zero is called:

A

vapor pressure

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5
Q

A pressure measuring technique by means of tubes
usually shaped in the form of U’s and utilizing the principles
of hydrostatic is known as:

A

barometry

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6
Q

A type of manometer which is used for measuring gage
pressure with the use of gage liquid. This type contains an
atmospheric level.

A

open type

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7
Q

A manometer used for measuring the difference in
pressure between two points and does not have an
atmospheric level.

A

differential manometer

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8
Q

The centroid of the submerged coincides with the center
of pressure if:

A

the surface is horizontal

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9
Q

When the center of gravity of a floating body is farther
than the metacenter when referred to the center of
buoyancy (considering that the center of gravity is above the
center of buoyancy), the floating body is in:

A

unstable equilibrium

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10
Q

The horizontal component of the hydrostatic force
acting on the curved surface is equal to

A

Hyrdrostatic force acting of the vertical projection of the
curved surface.

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11
Q

The most efficient section for an open channel is:

A

semi-circular section

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12
Q

“Anybody submerged in a fluid is acted upon by and
unbalanced force (buoyant force) which is equal to the
weight of the displaced fluid”. This principle is known as:

A

Archimedes Principle

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13
Q

The metacentric height of a floating body is the distance
from the metacenter to the:

A

center of gravity

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14
Q

In a system of pipes in parallel, the:

A

head losses are equal

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15
Q

The buoyant force, BF, which is equal to the weight of
the displaced fluid is acting at the:

A

centroid of the displaced volume of fluid

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16
Q

A floating body is said to be stable when the metacenter
is:

A

above the center of gravity

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17
Q

The use of Angat Dam (in Bulacan) is multi-purpose in
nature and in case of extreme energy during periods of long
drought, the priority use of water will be:

A

water supply use

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18
Q

Deep groundwater deposits where underground water
are available for water supply and irrigation is known as:

A

aquifers

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19
Q

The distribution of discharge from all runoff sources
plotted as a function of time results to a graph which is
known as:

A

mass curve

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20
Q

In a horizontal uniform circular pipe, the head loss
between any two flow section is a direct measure of.

A

the difference in pressure heads & difference in the
elevation heads

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21
Q

In a system of pipes in series, the:

A

flows are equal

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22
Q

In fluid flow, if the fluid travels parallel to the adjacent
layers and the paths of individual particles do not cross; the
flow is said to be:

A

laminar

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23
Q

The headloss in a nozzle usually expressed in terms of:

A

the coefficient of velocity and velocity head

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24
Q

The locus of the elevation to which water will rise in a
piezometer tube is termed as:

A

the hydraulic gradient

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25
Q

The result of static pressure in the fluid becoming less than fluid vapor
pressure

A

Cavitation

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26
Q

A condition of flow characterized when fluid particles
move in very irregular paths, causing an exchange of
momentum from one portion of the fluid to another is:

A

turbulent flow

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27
Q

The difference between the hydraulic grade line and
energy grade line is:

A

velocity head

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28
Q

It is an overflow structure built across an open channel
for the purpose of measuring or controlling the flow.

A

weir

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29
Q

“The theoretical velocity of a jet of liquid issuing out of
an orifice under a head of h being equal to the velocity of a
free falling body dropping through a height of h” is known as
the:

A

Torricelli Law

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30
Q

In a Pitot tube, the point of stagnation is the point
where:

A

the velocity is zero

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31
Q

In the Venturi Meter, the section with the smallest
pressure is:

A

throat

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32
Q

The vena contracta of sharp-edged hydraulic orifice
usually occurs:

A

at a distance of 0.5D downstream from the plane of the
orifice

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33
Q

A type of open channel flow where the Froude Number
is equal to 1:

A

critical flow

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34
Q

A jump is possible to occur in an open channel when the
flow is super critical, that is when the Froude Number is:

A

greater than 1

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35
Q

The length of the apron of a dam’s spillway can be
minimized by necessitating the jump to be localized through
the absorption of the excess energy in the flow and
construction of:

A

energy dissipaters

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36
Q

In the construction of sewer pipes, attempts should be
made to follow the slope of the ground surface with the
slope of the sewer. This will tend to:

A

minimize required excavation depth

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37
Q

The science of Hydrology encompasses the behavior of
water as it occurs in the atmosphere, on the surface of the
ground and underground or the movement of water as it
relates to the earth is known as:

A

hydrologic cycle

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38
Q

For large basins ranging from 2000 to 10000 sq. miles
representing the storm area where geographical variation in
rainfall. depth patterns complex config., can be well defined
in determining the ave. precipitation over an area by the
method which is known as:

A

isoyetal map method

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39
Q

A branch of science that deals with the study of water in
all its form and from all its origin to all its destination on the
earth.

A

hydrology

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40
Q

In the design of waterways, the “hydraulic jump” is
sometimes used for:

A

energy dissipation

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41
Q

One of the rational methods determining the reservoir-
capacity yield analysis in dam design is known as:

A

mass curve

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42
Q

Must always occur above critical depth

A

Subcritical flow

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43
Q

A branch of science that deals with the study of water in
all its form and from all its origin to all its destination on the
earth.

A

hydrology

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44
Q

The slope of the channel is considered mild

A

super critical flow

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45
Q

In water purification, aeration is used to remove:

A

objectionable gases

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46
Q

Entrance losses between tank and pipe, or losses
through elbows, fittings and valves are generally expressed
as a function of:

A

kinetic energy

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47
Q

In fluid flow, the liquid travels parallel to the adjacent
layers, and the paths on individual particles does not cross
or intersect, the flow is said to be:

A

uniform

48
Q

When the amount and velocity of fluid passing at any
section at a given length or reach is constant with time, the
flow is said to be:

A

uniform

49
Q

In fluid flow, when the amount of fluid passing at a
section is constant with time, the flow is said to be:

A

steady

50
Q

Frictionless and incompressible

A

Ideal flow

51
Q

Equal to the weight of displaced fluid

A

Bouyant force

52
Q

In ____, the fluid particles move in an orderly manner

A

laminar flow

53
Q

A body floats is said to be just stable.

A

when its metacentric height is zero

54
Q

Measures the velocity at the stagnation point:

A

simple pitot tube

55
Q

Measures static pressure

A

pitot-static

56
Q

The hot- wire anemometer is used to measure

A

gas velocities

57
Q

The centroid of the pressure prism

A

pressure center

58
Q

A force component parallel to the relative approach
velocity exerted on the body by the moving fluids, called:

A

viscosity

59
Q

A short pipe whose length is not more than two or three
diameters.

A

tube

60
Q

The total hydrostatic pressure on a plane area is located
1/3 of the height of the liquid from the bottom if:
a) the width is uniform
b) the liquid surface is level with the top of the body
c) the liquid surface is atmospheric
d) none of the above

A

d) none of the above

61
Q

Hydraulic jump is possible to occur in rectangular
channel it:
a) the depth is critical
b) the Froude number is less than one
c) the Froude number is equal to one
d) none of the above

A

d) none of the above

62
Q

Each number is a dimensionless ratio of the velocity of
the fluid to the acoustic velocity, called as:

A

celerity

63
Q

A motion caused by rotating impellers or by rotating a
vessel containing a liquid is called:

A

forced vortex

64
Q

The ratio of the area of a jet at the vena contracta to the
area of the orifice or other opening is called as:

A

coefficient of contraction

65
Q

In the design of waterways, the “hydraulic jump” is
sometimes used for:

A

energy dissipation

66
Q

The velocity of a fluid approaching an orifice or nozzle or
similar device is called:

A

velocity of approach

67
Q

In fluid flow, if the fluid travels parallel to the adjacent
layers and the paths of individual particles do not cross; the
flow is said to be:

A

laminar

68
Q

If the velocity of a liquid in a pipeline is abruptly
decreased by a valve moment, the phenomenon
encountered is called:

A

water hammer

69
Q

The branch of science that deals with the study of water
in all of its form and from its origin to all its destination on
the earth is known as:

A

hydrology

70
Q

The most efficient condition for open channel flow in
circular pipes is when:

A

it is flowing at a depth = 94% of the diameter

71
Q

A cylinder of cork is floating upright in a tank partially
filled with water. A vacuum is applied to the such that the
air within it is partially removed. The cork will:

A

remain stationery

72
Q

This phenomenon occurs in a flow at a point along the
boundaries where the streamlines are spreading and the
velocity gradient zero:

A

separation

73
Q

The center of a circle traced by the centroid of the
submerged portion of a floating body is known as:

A

metacenter

74
Q

The pressure exerted by the atmosphere in every
surface with which it comes in contact is known as:

A

atmospheric pressure

75
Q

Fluids which have little resistance to change either in
form or volume. It occupies all the space in which it is
contained.

A

gases

76
Q

When the gage liquid of an open manometer, is
deflected towards the point of connection it implies that the
gage pressure at the point of connection is:

A

negative

77
Q

Absolute viscosity of a fluid varies with pressure and
temperature and is defined as a function of:

A

shear stress and angular deformation rate

78
Q

The capillary rise (or depression), h, in a circular tube
with radius r is directly proportional to the surface tension
of the liquid contained in the tube. The relationship
between h and r is:

A

h is inversely proportional to r

79
Q

Absolute viscosity of a fluid varies with pressure and
temperature and is defined as a function of:

A

density, shear stress and angular deformation rate

80
Q

Fluids which offer great resistance to change in volume.
It occupies a definite portion in which it is contained.

A

liquids

81
Q

It is defined as the weight of a unit volume of a
substance.

A

specific weight

82
Q

The quantitative measure of the amount of matter in a
given body is known as:

A

Mass

83
Q

It is a dimensionless ratio of the density (or specific
weight) of a substance to that of some other standard
substance.

A

specific gravity

84
Q

All the following is true about absolute pressure, except:

A

absolute pressure can be negative

85
Q

A mass of liquid being translated vertically downward
with a uniform acceleration equal to the acceleration of
gravity has, at any point in the mass, a pressure:

A

equal to zero

86
Q

The hydrostatic pressure force which varies uniformly
from the heel to the toe of the base width of the dam for
design consideration. Is known. as:

A

uplift pressure force

87
Q

A principal in flow measurement which states that the
increase in kinetic energy per unit weight is equal to the decrease in the potential energy per unit weight, is known as:

A

Ventur Principle

88
Q

Two jets of water, having the same velocity, one issuing
horizontally and the other vertically at the same elevation,
will strike the horizontal ground below with:

A

an increased equal kinetic energies

89
Q

A Sutro-weir or “proportional-flow weir where the
discharge is:

A

directly proportional to the first power of the head

90
Q

Total energy of compressible incompressible fluid
flowing across any section in a pipeline is a function of:

A

flow energy, kinetic energy, height above datum and
internal energy

91
Q

It defined as a conduit in which the liquid flows with free
surface subiected to atmospheric, pressure. The flow is
caused by the slope of the conduit and the liquid surface.

A

open channel flow

92
Q

In open channel flow, many problems are solved by the
special application of the energy principle which is defined
as the distance between channel bottom and the energy
line. This distance is known as.

A

specific energy

93
Q

Uniform flow in an open channel implies the following
characteristics, except:

A

datum parallel to surface

94
Q

For optimum flow conditions to occur in a V-notch open
channel.

A

the depth of flow must twice the width of surface

95
Q

The two alternate depths of flow in open channel (the
subcritical and super critical) are two possible depths that,
for a constant specific energy, the:

A

unit discharge is the same

96
Q

The fundamental objective of the hydraulic design of
culverts for which the design discharge is passed without
exceeding the allowable headwater elevation is:

A

to determine most economic diameters

97
Q

The residual of precipitation that is drained from the
land after the prior and persistent demands of
evapotranspiration have been met is known as:

A

surface runoff

98
Q

The hydraulic radius of an open-channel section is
defined as:

A

the cross-sectional area divided by the wetted perimeter

99
Q

In an open channel flow, the hydraulic grade line is the:

A

water surface

100
Q

The sudden removal of land from the state of one man.
to that of another, as by a sudden change in a river, the
property thus separated continuing in the original owner of
the sudden shift in location of a channel is known as:

A

avulsion

101
Q

Which of the following statements nearly approximates
conditions in turbulent most flow?

A

energy loss varies as the square of the velocity

102
Q

At critical velocities in small pipes or at very low velocities, the loss of head due to friction

A

varies directly as the velocity

103
Q

The normal stress is the same in all directions at a point
in a fluid

A

only when there is no motion of one fluid layer relative to
adjacent layer

104
Q

The horizontal component of force on a curved surface
is equal to the:

A

product of pressure at its centroid and area of the vertical
projection

105
Q

The vertical component of pressure force on a
submerged curve surface is equal to:

A

gravity force of liquid vertically above the curved surface

106
Q

The line of action of the buoyant force acts through the:

A

centroid of the displaced volume of fluid

107
Q

When a liquid rotates at constant angular velocity about
a vertical axis as a rigid body the pressure

A

Varies as the square of the radial distance

108
Q

Occurs when the fluid rotates as a solid

A

forced vortex

109
Q

The losses in open-channel flow generally varies as the:

A

square of the velocity

110
Q

Occurs when conditions are the same at adjacent points at any instant

A

Steady flow

111
Q

Is larger when the fluid is more compressible

A

bulk modulus of elasticity

112
Q

The normal stress is the same in all directions at a point
in a fluid:

A

when there is no motion of one fluid layer relative to an
adjacent layer

113
Q

The velocity of a known flowing gas may be determined
from measurement of:

A

static pressure and temperature only

114
Q

The losses in open-channel flow generally vary as the:

A

square of the velocity

115
Q

Drawn normal to the velocity vector at every point

A

streamline

116
Q

Pressure drag results from:

A

skin friction

Hydraulics (2 decks)

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