Terms

Question 1

sclerosis

Answer 1

硬化

Question 2

Axon

Question 3

Axon terminals

Question 4

Dendrites

Answer 4

Myelin (sheath)

Question 5

afferent

Answer 5

传入

Question 6

Sensory Neurons

Answer 6

transmit messages from sensory receptors to the spinal cord and brain

Question 7

Interneurons

Answer 7

are neurons that connect sensory and motor neurons

Question 8

Motor ( efferent) neurons

Answer 8

transmit messages from the brain or spinal cord to muscles and glands

Question 9

Synapse

Answer 9

神经元突触

Question 10

excitatory or inhibitory

Answer 10

兴奋性或者抑制性

Question 11

hippocampus

Answer 11

海马体、

Question 12

Acetylcholine

Answer 12

is a neurotransmitter that
controls muscle contractions and memory
formation

Question 13

schizophrenia

Answer 13

精神分裂

Question 14

Dopamine

Answer 14

lack - Parkinson’s disease
excess - Schizophrenia

Question 15

Norepinephrine

Answer 15

去甲肾上腺素
excess - mood disorder
Deficiencies of both ACh and norepinephrine
particularly impair memory formation

Question 16

Serotonin

Answer 16

血清素
is a neurotransmitter involved in
emotional arousal and sleep; deficiencies are
linked to eating disorders, alcoholism,
depression, aggression, and insomnia

Question 17

Glutamate

Answer 17

is an excitatory neurotransmitter
that has an important role in memory and
learning, and is found throughout a healthy
nervous system.

Question 18

Endorphins

Answer 18

are inhibitory neurotransmitters
that act as naturally occurring painkillers; they
are structurally and functionally like morphine.
– responsible for “runner’s high”: the feeling of well-
being connected to a physically strenuous workout

Question 19

autonomic nervous system

Answer 19

植物神经系统

Question 20

peripheral nervous system

Answer 20

somatic and
autonomic nervous systems

Question 21

somatic system

Answer 21

躯体系统

Question 22

sympathetic system

Answer 22

交感神经系统

Question 23

parasympathetic system

Answer 23

副交感神经系统

Question 24

Peripheral

Answer 24

次要的

Question 25

electroencephalograph

Answer 25

脑电图仪

Question 26

amygdala

Answer 26

杏仁体

Question 27

pituitary gland

Answer 27

labelled as a “master gland.” It lies below the hypothalamus, its “commander.” * It secretes growth hormone, prolactin, antidiuretic hormone, and other hormones.

Question 28

pineal gland

Answer 28

secretes hormone melatonin that regulates sleep-wake cycle