Terms

Question 1

Heiligenstadt Testament

Answer 1

Beethoven’s letter to his brothers about his deafness: the social consequences and contemplation of suicide. But he decided to be the best composer he could despite the deafness.

Question 2

conversation books

Answer 2

How people communicated with Beethoven when he went deaf. It is great insight into Beethoven’s life, but they have been tampered with.

Question 3

Beethoven

Answer 3

3 periods of music. Genres: symphonies (9),

Question 4

Archduke Rudalf

Answer 4

He was to be made an Archbishop, comp student, and good friend of Beethoven’s.

Question 5

Schubertiade

Answer 5

A salon centered around Shubert’s music

Question 6

Lied

Answer 6

German for song. Plural: Lieder

Question 7

strophic form

Answer 7

A song with the same text for every stanza.

Question 8

modified strophic form

Answer 8

A song with the same text for every stanza, except one (or more) of the stanzas.

Question 9

through composed

Answer 9

No predetermined form. Change the music with the text.

Question 10

ballad

Question 11

Goethe

Question 12

Franz Schubert

Answer 12

Had little recognition for his compositions early on. Wrote about 1000 compositions: Lieder, Masses, piano, chamber, symphonies, operas.
Brilliant melodies.
Modulation in 3rds.
Imaginative harmonies, lots of pedal points.

Question 13

Felix Mendelssohn
Fanny Mendelssohn

Answer 13

Lutheran
Came from a very wealthy family
Studied with the best tutors: academic, musical, etc.
Felix revived the St. Matthew Passion
Fanny was disencouraged to compose ambitiously

Question 14

St. Matthew Passion

Answer 14

Forgotten piece by J. S. Bach. Felix Mendelssohn revived it when he was still young.

Question 15

Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra

Question 16

Concert overture

Answer 16

1 movement piece for orchestra not associated with a story
(as opposed to an Overture that is)

Question 17

orchestration

Answer 17

The arrangement and idiomatic writing for instruments within an ensemble.

Question 18

Idée fixe

Question 19

Confessions of an English Opium Eater

Question 20

Thomas De Quincey

Question 21

Dies irae

Question 22

Hector Berlioz

Answer 22

1803-1869 “A true romantic”
Loved literature. Hated Italian Opera.
Adjusts standard forms

Question 23

Friedrich Wieck

Answer 23

Taught Robert Schumann piano

Question 24

Robert Schumann

Answer 24

1810-1856
Learned piano. Due to an injury, he Shifted to composition and music criticism.
Tended to focus on one genre at a time: piano, Lied, symphony, chamber

Question 25

Clara Schumann

Answer 25

Great piano virtuoso Mostly composed for piano or Lieder

Question 26

Frederic Chopin

Answer 26

1810-1849 touring virtuoso settled in Paris: played in salons and taught piano Imaginative harmonies wrote character pieces

Question 27

character piece

Answer 27

A short piece (usually for piano) that sets a mood or express a character

Question 28

nocturne

Answer 28

slow, dreamy, and evokes the night

Question 29

Niccolò Paganini

Answer 29

1782-1840 Violin traveling virtuoso and composer requires: multiple stops, fast runs, high notes, harmonics

Question 30

Lisztomania

Answer 30

Fans fainting over Liszt

Question 31

nationalism

Answer 31

Showing pride or honor toward one's original nation.

Question 32

French Grand Opera

Answer 32

A massive 5 act opera. Extremely prestigious.

Question 33

Giocomo Meyerbeer

Question 34

Prosper Mérimée

Question 35

Franz Liszt

Answer 35

1811-1886 composer and piano virtuoso created the recital

Question 36

bel canto

Answer 36

Italian opera -long, expressive lines -legato throughout whole range -light tone in high register -effortless-sounding coloratura

Question 37

Rossini crescendo

Answer 37

A cresc with: repetition of ever shorter phrases thickening orchestration quickening harmonic rhythm

Question 38

Giovanni Paisiello

Question 39

Risorgimento

Answer 39

Italian movement for unification and independence from Austria.

Question 40

Viva Verdi

Answer 40

Wrote relatable operas. Important figure in the independence and unification of Italy.

Question 41

Gespensterbuch

Answer 41

A collection of traditional German ghost stories.

Question 42

Friedrich Kind

Question 43

Music Drama

Question 44

Ring Cycle

Answer 44

A series of 4 operas with a combined length of 16 hours.

Question 45

King Ludwig II of Bavaria

Answer 45

Huge fan of Wagner's music. Supported Wagner when he was writing his Ring Cycle.

Question 46

Gesamtkunstwerk (Total Art Work)

Answer 46

Several art forms come together to tell a story. No form is subordinate.

Question 47

Bayreuth Festspielhaus

Answer 47

(Wagner)

Question 48

Leitmotif

Answer 48

A musical motive associated with character, object, or idea. reinforce, foreshadow, contradict

Question 49

Stabreim

Question 50

Richard Wagner

Answer 50

1813-1883 Prominent opera composer, using large orchestras. Musically opinionated.

Question 51

War of the Romantics

Answer 51

Debate on legitimate music pro-program music (New German School): Wagner, Liszt, Berlioz pro-absolute music: Brahms, Schumann, Mendelssohn

Question 52

program music

Answer 52

A specific, concrete, story portrayed by music.

Question 53

absolute music

Answer 53

Music without a specific concrete story tied to it.

Question 54

Johannes Brahms

Answer 54

1833-1897 Traditional style composer, especially with form and ensembles. Innovative: rhythms, texture, harmony, lyrical

Question 55

Antonin Dvorak

Answer 55

Czech composer and violist who wrote nationalistic music. Inspired by German and especially American music.

Question 56

Mikhail Glinka

Answer 56

Russian composer, founder of Russian opera.

Question 57

Anton Rubinstein

Answer 57

Founded the Russian Musical Society and the St. Petersburg Conservatory (with some others).

Question 58

Russian Musical Society

Question 59

Kuchka/Mighty Five/Mighty Handful

Answer 59

Progressive and experimental Russian composers. They wanted to be truly Russian.

Question 60

Mily Balakirev

Question 61

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

Answer 61

Very Russian composer, professor, and led military bands.

Question 62

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Answer 62

Russian composer: symphonies, concertos, and ballet (which was uncommon)