Terms Flashcards
Indigenous Studies
An interdisciplinary academic field
- focusing on three fields: accessing and conveying Indigenous perspectives, conducting research that benefits Indigenous communities in some way, and using research methods and theories that achieve these goals.
Thomas Moore
The famous photo of Thomas Moore is about the before and after residential school transformation of an Indigenous child.
Comrade
A term used in an article by Dhillon (2019), describing the allyship with Indigenous people to confront settler colonialism
Enfranchisement
A legal process that Canadian federal government implemented to relocate Indigenous people out of the reserves and remove their Indian status for them to gain full Canadian citizenship or other benefits.
- to assimilate Indigenous people into Canadian society.
Daniels v Canada
Supreme Court of Canada ruled that the federal government holds the legal responsibility to legislate on issues related to Métis and Non-Status Indians
Bill C-31
Ended section 12(1)(b), “marrying out” rule, and “double mother” rule
Created Section 6 of Indian Act
Zaagidowin
Ashinaabek term for “love”, as one of the healing pricinples to overcome historical traumas of people as well as of water.
TRC
TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION
Established in 2008
Commenced in 2009
5-year mandate but asked for a year extension due to the lack of documents from the Catholic Church and the Government
Government and catholic church weren’t cooperating with TRC
Peasant Farming
policy that reduced the area that First Nations farmers could put under cultivation to one acre
-prohibited First Nations from using any labour-saving machinery
- FNs wanted to farm and were capable farmers but First Nations farm production decreased drastically while Reed’s farming policies were in place.
- Some Indian Agents thought that the Farming policy was silly, they got fired
Miyo Pimatisowin Act
Affirms the rights and jurisdiction of the Cowessess First Nation over Child and Family Services for its citizens, establishes its own agency to provide those services, explains the provision of the Child and Family Services programs and outlines its components.
AIM
Adopt Indian/Métis (AIM)
Hundreds of First Nations and Métis children were adopted through this program each year between 1967 AND 1974
Program featured First Nations and Métis children in newspaper ads and other media
Increased number of Indigenous children being adopted by a lot, children’s names were changed and the descriptions of them were like adopting a dog
Kamloops Indian Residential School
May 27, 2021: TK’emlúps te Secwépemc uncover 215 unmarked graves at the Kamloops Indian Residential School
Little Brother Of War
Lacrosse was called “Little Brother of War”
Played for a 1,000 years
Helped to settle disputes between nations
Played on large fields, hundreds of people could play at the same time
Played by many nations east of the Mississippi
Though the Haudenosaunee are seen as its creators
Became a sport played by the elite as well as Indigenous people
Became more world wide, over 90 countries play it and they have World Championships
Comprehensive Claims
claims where Aboriginal people had never extinguished their Aboriginal title through treaty
cover areas in which Indigenous people never signed treaties and therefore have not extinguished their Aboriginal title to the land, it is a tripartite agreement
Through the Comprehensive Claims process Indigenous groups agree to extinguish Aboriginal title to lands in their traditional territory. In return, they receive certain rights - usually concerning self-governing powers - land, and money. In many respects these agreements are modern-day treaties.
TLE
TREATY LAND ENTITLEMENT
the amount of land that an individual First Nation should have received under treaty. The treaties stipulated that First Nations were promised 128 acres per person (640 acres per family of 5). Though this could vary
Section 91(24)
Under Section 91 (24) of the Constitution, it states that “Indians and lands reserved for Indians” fall under federal jurisdiction.
The Indian Act is the mechanism to regulate Section 91 (24)
First Nations defined as wards of the government
Waneek Horn Miller
Last 10 minutes of Oka, everyone was in a treatment center and they gave up
When they walked out of the center, the Army beat them
When Waneek Horn Miller was 14, her and her daughter were beaten because they were a part of Oka
She competed in the olympics
Stonechild Inquiry
2004 Report of the Commission into Matters Relating to the Death of Niel Stonechild - Saskatchewan
Neil Stonechild was a victim of a Starlight Tour, inquiry into his death
Section 35(1)
Part of Canadian Constitution
“The existing Aboriginal and treaty Rights of the Aboriginal peoples of Canada are hereby recognized and affirmed.”
The terms “existing” and “recognized and affirmed” had to be defined, as well as the notion of extinguishment.
Idle No More
an ongoing national protest by the First Nations people of Canada. They are protesting the abuses of aboriginal peoples throughout the country by the government.
Progressive Warrior
These are those who, to the best of their ability, fight for their communities and attempt to have some engagement with them, including Native women and others within their analysis. They question the imposition of the patriarchy and the relegation of Native women into the backdrop of social change.
First Nations
A term that was coined by Status Indian leaders during the Constitutional talks. It originally referred to Nations (i.e. Cree, Ojibwe, Mohawk, etc.) and then slowly began to replace the term “Indian” in general. An Indian individual became known as a First Nations individual, and an Indian reserve became known as a First Nation.
Biindigen Well-Being Centre
Replacing an old Catholic school with a community center
De dwa da dehs nye>s
Aboriginal Health Centre
Niwasa Kendaaswin Teg (Education programming)
Ontario Aboriginal Housing Services
Partnership with McMaster Family Medicine to provide medical service to patients and training for medical students
The facility will address “a lack of access and the fear Indigenous residents experience with mainstream health care”
This and Anishnawbe Health are not an urban reserve, Urban reserves are federal land that belongs to FN but these are still city lands
IRSSA
INDIAN RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT (IRSSA)
The largest class action settlement in Canadian history
recognized the damage inflicted on Indigenous peoples by residential schools
The IRSSA had five main components:
the Common Experience Payment
Independent Assessment Process
Health and Healing Services
Commemoration
Establishment of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Signed May 8, 2006 Implemented September, 2006
