Terms

Question 1

What is genetic variation?

Answer 1

difference in DNA sequences between individual organisms and populations.

Question 2

What is a gene pool?

Answer 2

total of all the genetic variation within a population or species

Question 3

What is a gene?

Answer 3

unique sequence of DNA bases that code for a particular protein

Question 4

What is a homologous chromosome?

Answer 4

a pair of chromosomes where one is inherited from mum (maternal) and one is inherited from dad (paternal)

Question 5

What is an allele?

Answer 5

Alternative version of the same gene

Question 6

What are somatic cells?

Answer 6

body cells which contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, 22 autosomal, 1 sex chromosome

Question 7

What is an autosomal chromosome?

Answer 7

Any of the chromosomes number 1-22

Question 8

What is diploid?

Answer 8

2 sets of chromosomes, 2n, produced by mitosis, somatic cells, (double)

Question 9

What are gametes?

Answer 9

Sex cells, haploid

Question 10

What is haploid?

Answer 10

1 set of chromosomes, n , produced by meiosis, gametes

Question 11

What is a genotype?

Answer 11

set of alleles that code for a particular trait, TT, Tt

Question 12

What is phenotype?

Answer 12

The physical feature of an organism, eye colour

Question 13

Give an example of homozygous dominant

Answer 13

TT

Question 14

Give an example of a heterozygous

Answer 14

Tt

Question 15

Give an example of homozygous reccesive

Answer 15

tt

Question 16

How do you get genetic variation?

Answer 16

Meiosis, Mutations, Mate selection, Random fertilization

Question 17

What is meiosis?

Answer 17

A process of nuclear reduction division in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid, resulting in genetically unique cells. It occurs in sex organs ONLY and is used to produce gametes.

Question 18

What are the four phases of cell division?

Answer 18

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telephase.

Question 19

What is a mutation?

Answer 19

permanent change in the base sequence of DNA

Question 20

What is a mutagen?

Answer 20

An agent that causes mutations. (radiation, virus)

Question 21

What is a gametic mutation?

Answer 21

can be inherited, form a new allele in sex cells, can be passed to off spring

Question 22

What is a somatic mutation?

Answer 22

cannot be inherited, form a new allele in body cells.

Question 23

What is incomplete dominance

Answer 23

one allele for a specific trait is not completely dominant over the other allele, results in an intermediate phenotype. neither allele is fully expressed

Question 24

What is co-dominance?

Answer 24

A single gene has more than one dominant allele: therefore a heterozygous individual will express the phenotypes associated with both alleles

Question 25

What does it mean when genes can have multiple alleles?

Answer 25

Genes can have more than two possible alleles at one locus

Question 26

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 26

reproduction when only one parent is needed.

Question 27

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 27

reproduction when two parents are needed and gametes are needed

Question 28

What is meiosis?

Answer 28

reduction division in which the chromsomes number is halved from diploid to haploid, resulting in genetically unique cells. occurs in sex organs and is used to produce gametes.

Question 29

can gametic mutations be inherited?

Answer 29

yes. occur during DNA relpication

Question 30

can somatic mutations be inherited?

Answer 30

NO. may affect individual during their lifetime

Question 31

dihybrid inheritance

Answer 31

considering the inheritance of two genes at the same time

Question 32

what is allele frequency?

Answer 32

the frequency that a particular allele occurs in the population

Question 33

name some factors that can affect allele frequency in gene pool

Answer 33

natural selection, mutations, migration, genetic drift

Question 34

evolution

Answer 34

process by which populations chnage over time, typically as a result of a change in he enviroment

Question 35

fitness

Answer 35

ability of an organism to survive and reproduce, thus passing successful alleles to the next generation

Question 36

gene flow

Answer 36

movement of genetic information from one population to another

Question 37

immigration

Answer 37

movement of individuals into a population

Question 38

emigration

Answer 38

movement of individuals out of a population

Question 39

genetic drift

Answer 39

change in allele frequency within a population from generation to generation, due to chance rather than selection pressure

Question 40

founder effect

Answer 40

occurs when a small number of individuals establish a new population by emigrating to a new isolated location, or become separated from the original by geographic barriers

Question 41

bottleneck effect

Answer 41

occurs when a population undergoes a sudden reduction in size, and few individuals remain