terms

Question 1

__________is the bending of light when it passes between different media. It occurs because light travels at different speeds in different materials.

Answer 1

refraction

Question 2

The ___________ (n) measures how much light slows down in a medium. It’s calculated using the formula n = c / v, where c is the speed of light in a vacuum and v is the speed in the medium. For example, water has an index of refraction of about 1.33.

Answer 2

index of refraction

Question 3

______ states that n₁ * sin(θ₁) = n₂ * sin(θ₂), where n is the index of refraction and θ is the angle. it uses values for the index of refraction to calculate the new angle that array will take as a beam of light strikes the interference between two media.

Answer 3

Snells law

Question 4

____________________ is when light hits the edge of a thicker material at a steep angle and bounces back instead of going through. An example of this is in water as a ray of light reaches the surface between the water and the air

Answer 4

Total internal reflection

Question 5

The ______________ is when light hits the surface of water at a certain angle and then travels right along the surface. If you hit it at a steeper angle than that, it just bounces back into the water instead of going out.

Answer 5

Critical angle

Question 6

__________is the refraction of white light into separate wavelengths or colours it occurs in diamond and raindrops.

Answer 6

dispersion

Question 7

________ is caused by the refraction of light in unevenly heated air, when light travels through air at different temperatures in refracts because hot air is less dense than cooler air also because air is usually moving the direction and amount of bending are constantly changing and it travels along a curved path

Answer 7

Shimmering

Question 8

____________ appear when light travelling from cool air into warm area bends away from the normal eventually total internal reflection occurs in the lowest (hottest) air layer, the light eventually reaches your eyes and looks like a puddle even though it’s just an image from bent light.

Answer 8

Mirages

Question 9

A _____ is a curved transparent material that is smoothand regularly shaped so that when light strikes it, the light refracts in a predictable and useful way .Most lenses are made of glass or very hard plastic.

Answer 9

Lens

Question 10

The ______________ is an imaginary vertical line drawn through the optical centreof a lens

Answer 10

axis of symmetry

Question 11

The ____________ is an imaginary line drawn horizontallythrough the optical centre perpendicular to both surfaces

Answer 11

principal axisis

Question 12

The __________ where the light come to a focus is given the symbol F, while the opposite side is represented by F’.

Answer 12

Focal point

Question 13

The ____________, f, is the distance from the axis of symmetryto the principal focus measured along the principal axis

Answer 13

The focal length

Question 14

A _________ is thinner in the centre than at the edges. As parallel light rays pass through, they are refracted away from the principal axis. The light will never meet on the other side of the lens. The image formed is always upright and smaller than the object

Answer 14

concave lens

Question 15

A __________ is thicker-at the centre than at the edges. As parallel light rays travel through, they are refracted toward the principal axis of the lens. The rays move towards each other. The light rays cross at the focal point of lens

Answer 15

convex lens

Question 16

______________ - People who are __________ can see distant objects clearly but they cannot see nearby objects clearly.Withouta lens, light focuses behind the retina resulting in blurred vision for near objects.

Answer 16

Farsightedness

Question 17

__________ - People who are ___________ can see nearby objects clearly but cannot see distant objects clearly. Without a lens, light focuses in front of the retina resulting in blurred vision for distant objects

Answer 17

Nearsightedness

Question 18

when light travels from a higher refractive index medium into a lower, it bends _______ from the normal

Answer 18

away

Question 19

when light travels from a lower refractive index medium into a higher, it bends _______ the normal

Answer 19

towards

Question 20

_________ is how deep something looks underwater due to light bending as it moves from water to air. It often appears shallower than it really is.

Answer 20

Apparent depth

Question 21

after a rainstorm, the sky is filled with tiny water droplets and the sunlight enters a water droplet and refracts Reflects off the inner lining surface of the droplet, and then reflects again when leaving the droplet. The true refractions result in dispersion of the light when you see a rainbow, the colours of light that you see come from different droplets. Because red is directed downward more than the other colours you can only see the red light that is coming from the droplets higher in the sky.

Answer 21

how are rainbows made

Question 22

Uses of concave lenses

Answer 22

1. Eyeglasses: Corrects myopia (nearsightedness).
2. Cameras: Improves image quality.
3. Laser Devices: Spreads out laser beams.

Question 23

Uses of convex lenses

Answer 23

1. Magnifying Glasses: Enlarges small objects.
2. Cameras: Focuses light for clear images.
3. Eyeglasses: Helps with hyperopia (farsightedness).

Question 24

The transparent layer of tissue that allows light to enter the outer surface of your eye

Answer 24

corona

Question 25

The _____ is a dark hole that allows light to pass into your eye.

Answer 25

pupil

Question 26

created the pupil by a circular band of coloured muscles called the ______. the ________ controls the size of the pupil and seed controls the amount of light that enters your eye. in dimly, the iris opens and dilates the pupil to let more light in and bright light. The ____ closes the people and contracts that less light enters.

Answer 26

iris

Question 27

The _______ is the inner lining at the back of the eye that acts as a protection screen for the light entering your eye

Answer 27

Retina

Question 28

this part of the eye absorbs the light in order for you to be able to see it. They are cells in the retina that are sensitive to light. They include rod cells and cone cells. Cone cells - colour rod cells - grey

Answer 28

Photoreceptors

Question 29

The _______ is a crucial part of the visual system, consisting of nerve fibers that carry visual information from the retina to the brain. It converts light into electrical signals that are interpreted as images.

Answer 29

optic nerve

Question 30

_______is a common vision condition caused by an irregular shape of the cornea or lens, leading to blurred or distorted vision. Instead of focusing light on a single point, it focuses on multiple points, making it hard to see fine details. It can usually be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or surgery.

Answer 30

Astigmatism

Question 31

describe how reflecting telescope works

Answer 31

in reflecting telescope, light enters from one end of the tube and reflects off a concave mirror toward a small plane mirror which directs the light into the eyepiece

Question 32

_________is the science and technology of generating, manipulating, and detecting photons, which are particles of light. It involves the use of light in various applications, such as communication, imaging, and sensing.

Answer 32

Photonics

Question 33

4 uses of phonics

Answer 33

1. Fiber optic communication uses light signals to transmit data. 2. Laser technology uses focused light for cutting and medical procedures. 3. Optical sensors detect light changes to monitor conditions. 4. Imaging systems capture images using light.

Question 34

The spot where there are no photo receptors, and where light cannot be detected it is located where the optic nerve attaches to the retina. You cannot notice your Blindspot because your brain fills in that spot with whatever colours are nearby when you are looking at it.

Answer 34

Blindspot