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Terms Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

A cappella

A

Performance by voices without instrumental accompaniment

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2
Q

Anthem

A

English-language setting of a sacred text; Anglican Protestant equivalent of a Catholic motet

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3
Q

Ars antiqua

A

Style of sacred music during the High Middle Ages, including Notre-Dame school of polyphony and the development of the motet

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4
Q

Ars nova

A

Style of 14th-century polyphonic music; characterized by greater expressiveness and more prevalent isorhythm

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5
Q

Cantata

A

Early: secular text, solo voices, and basso continuo; Late: sacred text, solos, chorus, instruments

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6
Q

Cantus Firmus

A

One voice part, usually tenor, set in longer note values than other parts, often from a preexisting melody

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7
Q

Cecilian

A

Romantic movement for sacred music to be in the motet style of Palestrina

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8
Q

Chanson

A

Secular composition set to French text; meant for performance by soloists in ensemble; counterpart to the Italian Madrigal

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9
Q

Chorale

A

Hymn used in the Lutheran Church

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10
Q

Colla parte

A

“With the parts,” designates instruments that should play from and with vocal parts

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11
Q

Collegium musicum

A

Society of amateur musicians, such as a college or university, that presents regular concerts

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12
Q

Color

A

In isorhythm, phrases that were repeated with identical rhythms and melodies

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13
Q

Contrafactum

A

Vocal work where new text, usually sacred, has been substituted for the original text, usually secular

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14
Q

Cor spezzati

A

Denotes polychoral works for broken or divided choirs to be separated spatially in performance; popular at St. Mark’s Basilica in Venice

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15
Q

Council of Trent

A

Part of the Counter-Reformation; mandated intelligibility of text in all sacred music; promoted syllabic and declamatory musical settings

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16
Q

Counter Reformation

A

Catholic resurgence and reform in response to the Protestant Reformation

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17
Q

Countertenor

A

Male alto singer

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18
Q

Cyclic Mass

A

In which each movement begins with the same material and is then developed

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19
Q

Decani

A

In cor spezzati, decani is on the right/deacon’s side

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20
Q

Discant

A

Medieval style in which all parts move at the same speed; Renaissance developments included melodically prominent upper part

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21
Q

Fauxbourdon

A

Technique in which parts move in parallel motion

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22
Q

Figured bass

A

Notation of chords to be realized above basso continuo

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23
Q

Formes Fixes

A

Secular compositional structures with repeated verse and refrain schemes

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24
Q

Frottola

A

Secular genre with humorous or crude text; homophonic, solo SATB voices

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25
Grand motet
Large, multimovement French motet
26
Head motif
Group of 4-6 notes used as a unifying device at the beginning of Cyclic Mass Ordinary movements
27
Hemiola
Substitution creating a two-against-three rhythm
28
Historicus
The evangelist or narrator in an oratorio
29
Hocket
Medieval comp device using quick alternation of notes between two voices
30
Homophony
Vertical/chordal texture of music, as opposed to polyphony/counterpoint
31
Incipit
Indicates short chant fragment that begins the Gloria, Credo, or other compositions
32
Isorhythm
Medieval structure involving repetition of phrases - talea and color
33
Kapellmeister
"Chapel master"
34
L’homme arme
Extremely popular Renaissance chanson melody upon which many masses were based
35
Lai
Monophonic secular song of Medieval era
36
Lamentations
Renaissance musical settings of verses from BOL, important element of Holy Week services
37
Lauda
Nonliturgical, monophonic, sacred composition; syllabic, verse/refrain format, Italian text
38
Liber usualis
Book of chants used in Roman Catholic liturgies and offices
39
Lied
German song characterized by homophony, predominant melody in top voice and accompanimental texture in lower voices
40
Madrigal
Small-scale Italian secular composition scored for solo voices in ensemble
41
Magnificat
Musical setting of text from Luke - “My soul magnifies the Lord”
42
Mass Ordinary
Elements of the mass that remain consistent: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei
43
Mass Proper
Variable based on day or season: Introit, Gradual, Alleluia/Tract, Sequence, Offertory, Communion
44
Mesa di voce
Swelling and decreasing the volume of single notes
45
Monody
Monophonic melodic line, usually accompanied by basso continuo
46
Montpelier Codex
Compilation/source of 13th-century French polyphony
47
Motet
Genre set to a sacred Latin text, scored for chorus in imitative style
48
Musica ficta
Process of raising notated pitches by a half step to avoid tritones and reach cadences by half steps
49
Musica reservata
Compositions that set texts in an expressive manner without overt word painting
50
Musica Transalpina
Collection of translated Italian madrigals published in England that led to the development of the English Madrigal
51
Musique mesuree
In chansons, long and short rhythmic values that correspond to accented and unaccented syllables of text
52
Neume
A note in Gregorian chant
53
Note nere
Comp style common to later Italian Madrigals, characterized by black notes (quarter and eighth) as opposed to white notes (half and whole)
54
Ode
Secular poetry, scored for soloists, chorus, and instruments, and often celebrating special occasions
55
Odhecaton
Harmonice Musices Odhecaton - anthology of polyphonic secular songs published by Ottaviano Petrucci in 1501 in Venice
56
Old Hall Manuscript
Collection of late 14th and early 15th century English sacred music
57
Oratorio
Multimovement setting of a sacred dramatic/moral text for soloists, chorus, and instruments
58
Organum
Medieval comp style in which improvised voice followed an existing liturgical chant melody
59
Paraphrase Mass
In which one voice is set to borrowed material, and other voices contain newly composed material
60
Parisian Chanson
homophonic style of chanson popularized by publisher Pierre Attaingnant
61
Parody Mass (imitation)
Based upon all voice parts of a previously composed piece of music
62
Passaggio
Melismas that are fast in tempo and require virtuosic skills
63
Passion
Oratorio based on the crucifixion story
64
Petit Motet
Small-scale French motet scored for soloists and basso continuo; counterpart to grand motet
65
Points of imitation
Section of music, set to one text phrase, that all parts imitate in melody and rhythm; most common in the Late Renaissance
66
Polytextual
Medieval comp practice of two or more texts, often in different languages, occurring in the same piece
67
Prima prattica
In which polyphony was treated as more important than text; characterized by imitative polyphony, scored for voices a cappella, or voices with nonindependent basso continuo
68
Programmatic chanson
Narrative chansons that featured onomatopoeic sounds, such as those by Janequin.
69
Recitative
Style in which solo voice emulates natural speech
70
Reformation
Theological movement that marked the beginning of Protestantism and brought about the use of vernacular in religious compositions
71
Requiem
Or Missa pro defunctis - a mass for the dead
72
Ritornello
Short, usually instrumental passage of music that recurs as an interlude
73
Sarum chant
Used primarily at Salisbury Cathedral in England between 13th and 15th centuries
74
Seconda prattica
In which text was prioritized over melody and rhythm; characterized by vertical texture, scoring for soloists and chorus, independent basso continuo accomp
75
Sequence
Medieval trope inserted between phrases of liturgical chant
76
Si placet
Indicates that vocal and instrumental scoring should be based on resources at hand or personal preference
77
Sine nomine
Style of Renaissance mass with no identified source of compositional material
78
Soggeto Cavato Mass
Style of mass in which cantus firmus is constructed of pitches that correspond to the vowels of a name
79
Stile antico
Baroque term for the Renaissance prima prattica style
80
Stile concertato
Style employing contrast between larger and smaller performing forces
81
Stile moderno
Seconda prattica - text prioritized over music
82
Strophic
Multiple verses of text set to the same music
83
Tactus
Basic metrical unit in medieval music
84
Talea
In isorhythm, phrases that were repeated with identical rhythms but different melodies
85
Te Deum
Celebratory musical setting of sacred text “Te Deum laudamus, te Dominum confitemur”
86
Tessitura
Range of a vocal or instrumental part
87
Through-composed
Style of comp characterized by continuous flow of new music, without sectional repeats
88
Trent Codices
Collection of manuscripts compiled in the 15th century in Italy
89
Tudor
Era in the English monarchy between the late 1400s and ~1600
90
Vililancico
Spanish genre characterized by coplas (verses) and estribillo (refrain); strophic and homophonic; usually secular in early Renaissance and sacred in late Renaissance

Comp Exam (2 decks)

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