Terms Flashcards
(20 cards)
1
Q
Barnardo Children
A
- Kids shipped to Canada to “give better life” (help with pop. as well)
- Before WW1
- Done by Orgs like the Bernardo homes
- Imperial influence on Immigration
- Important for population growth and economic development
2
Q
Neoliberalism
A
- Milton Friedman (Prof, Uni. of Chicago), 1970s
- New economic policy to respond to recession and stagflation (inflation and unemployment rising)
- Wanted the role of the state to be minimal
- dramatic shift away from protected economies, tariffs and sits in tension with welfare state policies: open economy
- Goal to raise competition, and linked to globalization and free trade(Between Canada and US)
- Fraser Institute advocated reduction of Gov. role in economics (Canada).
3
Q
Sandra Lovelace/ Nicholas
A
- Maliseet woman in New Brunswick
- Marries a non-indigenous man in 1970, which stripped her of her indigenous status as a result of the Indian Act (Section 12 B)
- Became key figure in challenging the discriminatory provision of the indigenous act
- 1977 100-Mile March Oka to Ottawa (Protest against indian act)
- 1979-81 “Lovelace Vs Canada” United Nations Human Rights case
- 1985 Indian Act Amended
4
Q
Sandra Lovelace/ Nicholas Historical Significance
A
- UN Case > International Attention
- Shows the discrimatory aspects to Indian act on a gender aspect
- Highlights how fighting for Indigenous rights are still ongoing/ the long-term effects of the Indian Act
- Her moving onto the Senate highlights this ongoing discourse
5
Q
Sir George Williams “Riot”
A
- University (now Concordia/ In Montreal), gave unfair grades to Caribbean students because of race (1969)
- Prof. Perrcy Anderson
- commitee fromed to examine the complaing but was rejected in 1969 Jan.
- Students sat in the computer center, to try and force the admin to change grades/ reconsider, students arrested
- Police were asked to dislodge the students and a fire broke out, in the process,
- about 2 Mill worth of damage and 96 people arrested
- line up with Civil Rights movement in US, and the general counter-cultural mindset of the 60s
6
Q
The 1951 Amendments to the Indian Act
A
- amendments to the Indian act to modernize the legations, while maintaining some federal control over Indigenous people
- lifting bans on cultural practice and restore ability to raise funds, fire lawyers for land claims
- Shows a formal recognition of the suppression and unjust treatment of Indigenous people
- First of many changes like voting and dismantling of residential schools in the 60s
- Did not abolish the act, just changed it (STILL WANTED SOME CONTROL)
7
Q
The Baby Boom
A
- After WW2 (about 46-65)
- Rise in Birth Rates after soldiers come back from war
- Represented a renewed optimism and family formation which contrasts the years of war previously
- Economic Growth, Industrial growth as well
- Change in Consumer Culture
8
Q
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
A
- Introduced in 1982 Constitutional Package by Pierre Elliot (P.E) Trudeau
- establish Individual rights hand foster civic nationalism
- meant to opposed Quebec neo-nationalist independence (Quiet Revolution)
- allowing rights like religion, expression and mobility rights,
- led to more active involvement with courts, it used by groups to advance political goals like same-sex unions/ abortion rights
9
Q
The Dominion Lands Act
A
- 1872 Introduced by PM Wilfred Laurier
- made land available for settlers/ immigrants, dividing it into a grid system
- Cheap land patent for 10$,
- Had to have British Citizenship (Maintain British Identity)
- Overlays peace/ land treaties with Indigenous people (Allowed for Agricultural Settlement in the West)
- Used to justify westward expansion an emphasises the ideals of settler colonialism
10
Q
The Head Tax (ethnocentrism)
A
- meant to restrict Chinese Immigration to Canada
- Canada wanting to maintain their ideals of nativism and “white civility”
- Introduced in 1885, starting at $50 then 100 in 1902 and 500 in 1903
-Government sactioned racism and ethnocentricism (Evaluating other ethnic groups based on your own values) within Canada - led to economic problems even when entering Canada
- followed by more direct acts like Chinese Exclusion Act of 1923 which banned immigration until ‘47
11
Q
The Keeseekoowenin Ojibway Band in Riding Mountain National Park
A
-Conflict between estblished wilderness park and Indigenous people In Manitoba
- finding appeal in the depopulated wilderness, making indigenous people undesirable
- settler colonialism wanting to create sense of national identity leading to displacement, highlights indigenous resistance as well
- disregard for Indigenous sovereignty and land rights during the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the name of conservation and nation-building
12
Q
The Komagata Maru Incident
A
- Gov stopping a ship from carrying Sikh immigrants from India entering the country
- continuous passage legislation of 1908, meant to block immigration from India since there was no steamship route between India and Canada
- happened in 1914, apologized in 2008
- Growing awareness and opposition to racial disc.
- “White civility” ideals
13
Q
The Medical Care Act
A
- 1966
-Done towards the improvement of the welfare state movement - Paid fees of health care personnel
- was apart of other developments like the unemployment insurance act, family allowance act, and hospital insurance and diagnostic act as part of a “world-cass welfare state”with “cradle to the grave” gov. support
- movement towards societal commitment to ensuring basic necessities
14
Q
The Military Service Act (1917)
A
- Introduced compulsory military service/ conscription in Canada, by PM Robert Borden, 1917
- all male British subject between ages 20-45
- Further divided english/ french Canada, and Quebe’s overall mistrust for Gov.
- was reference point for WW2
15
Q
The On-To-Ottawa Trek
A
- Ottawa, 1935,
- Protest by unemployed men against the poor conditions and inadequate relief provided in government-run relief camps during the Great Depression
- economic hardship and injustice during the depression era, highlighting the failure of the economic sys.
- Lack of support/ inadequacy from Gov. and rise in social welfare consciousness
- leaving labour camps, stopping in Regina for Relief Camp Worker’s Union (organized by Communist part of Canada)
16
Q
The Quiet Revolution
A
- In Quebec, 1960s, aim to reduce influence of Catholic Church (responsibilities of social services like healthcare and education to the federal gov)
- Move onto a “State” like nation-state even if within canada (argue/ aim for independance) > Economic Empowerment
- promote Linguistic Nationalism
- Affected James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement: Indig. communities surrender rights in exchange for compensation/ control over areas
17
Q
The Royal Commission on the Status of Women
A
- 1967-1970
- Lines up with Second wave of feminism
- Investigate/ report on the status of women in Canada to make a recommendation to the gov. for equality between genres
- Led to many rights: choose where or not to work outside of home, Shared resp. of childcare, Implemented Affirmative Action Programs to address employment disparity
- public awareness
- Crucial role in gender based policy in for the future
18
Q
The Suez Canal Crisis (Functionalism)
A
- Example of Functionalism: international relations to justify Canadian influence and responsibility in world affairs
- conflict from Egypt’s nationaisation of the Anglo-French Suez Canal in 1956, by Pres. Gamal Nasser
- British and French sent troops to invade Egypt to retrieve lost property
- places Canada as Key player in international peacekeeping/ birth of modern peacekeeping
- Decline in traditional European world power
- Lester B Pearson awared Nobel Prize 1957 for role in crisis, cementing rep. of peaceful nation
19
Q
The Winnipeg General Strike
A
- Happened from may-june 1919
- Protest by workers seeking better wages, shorter working hours and right to collective bargaining
- class conflict/ labour radicalism in post-WW1 Canada, and showing the long-term struggle
- gov. resp. deployment of troops to help coal companies in nova scotia,
- overall faltering faith in Canadian system after the war, some believed to return to British demo., and government used troops to fight unrest
20
Q
Viola Desmond
A
- was denied seating at a white-only section of Roseland Theatre in Nova Scotia, 1946
- Refused to leave, got arrested, used as a case against racial segregation in Canada.
- Highlighted the importance of individual resilience and courage
- case was posthumously pardoned in 2010
- limitations of post-war human rights improvements
- pivotable moment in Canadian Civil Rights
