Terms

Question 0

Neurons

Answer 0

Also called nerve cells

Receive stimuli and transmit action potentials to other neurons or to effector organs

Question 1

Neurolgia

Answer 1

Support and protect neurons and perform other functions. Half of the brain’s weight

Question 2

Neuron cell body

Answer 2

Also called soma. Has a nucleus which is the source of info for protein synthesis

Question 3

Dendrite

Answer 3

Branching extension of cell body

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

Straight alignment and uniform diameter that come off a cell body

Question 5

Nissl bodies

Answer 5

Primary site of protein synthesis in neurons. Located primarily in cell body and dendrites

Question 6

Dendrite spines

Answer 6

Axons of other neurons form synapses with the dendrites. Dendrites receive input from axons

Question 7

Axon hillock

Answer 7

Cone shaped area of the neuron cell body. This is where a singe axon arises

Question 8

Initial segment

Answer 8

Beginning of the axon

Question 9

Trigger zone

Answer 9

Where action potentials are generated. Contains the axon hillock

Question 10

Axoplassm

Answer 10

Cytoplasm of an axon

Question 11

Axolemma

Answer 11

Plasma membrane of the axoplasm

Question 12

Sensory neurons

Answer 12

Conduct action potentials towards the CNS

Question 13

Motor neurons

Answer 13

Conduct action potentials away from the CNS

Question 14

Interneurons

Answer 14

Conduct action potentials from one neuron to another within the CNS

Question 15

Multipolar neurons

Answer 15

Have many dendrites and a single axon. Most of the neurons in the CNS and motor neurons are multipolar

Question 16

Bipolar neurons

Answer 16

One dendrite and one axon. Located in some sensory neurons like the retina

Question 17

Pseudo-unipolar neurons

Answer 17

Has a single process extending from the cell body. It divides in two and one branch goes to the CNS and the other extends to the periphery and has dendrite like sensory receptors. Most sensory neurons are pseudo bipolar

Question 18

Astrocytes

Answer 18

Star shaped neuralgia because cytoplasm processes extend from the cell body. These form a supporting framework for blood vessels and neurons. They also help regulate extra cellular composition of the brain fluid

Question 19

Blood-brain barrier

Answer 19

Created from endothelial cells and determines what substances can pass from the blood into the nervous tissue of the brain and spinal chord.

Question 20

Reactive astrocytosis

Answer 20

Astrocytes wall off the injury site and help limit the spread of inflammation to the surrounding healthy tissue

Question 21

Ependymal cells

Answer 21

Line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord.

Question 22

Choroid plexuses

Answer 22

Secrete the cerebrospinal fluid that flows through the ventricles of the brain.

Question 23

Microglia

Answer 23

Neuroglia in the CNS that become mobile and phagocytic in response to inflammation.

Question 24

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 24

Have cytoplasmic extensions that can surround axons. If it wraps several times, it creates a myelin sheath

Question 25

schwann cells

Answer 25

neuroglia in the PNS that wrap around axons. If it wraps around several times then it becomes a myalin sheath but only around one axon

Question 26

satellite cells

Answer 26

surround neuron cell bodies in sensory and autonomic ganglia. provides support, nutrition, and protection

Question 27

myelinated axons

Answer 27

extensions from schwann cells or oligodendroytes

Question 28

unmyelinated axons

Answer 28

rest in invaginations of the schwann cells or the oligogendrocytes. Surrounds each axon but not many times

Question 29

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 29

Interruptions in the myalin sheath

Question 30

Gray matter

Answer 30

Groups of neuron cell bodies and their dendrites where there is very little myalin

Question 31

Cortex

Answer 31

Gray matter on the surface of the brain

Question 32

Nuclei

Answer 32

Clusters of gray matter deep within the brain

Question 33

Ganglion

Answer 33

Clusters of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

Question 34

White matter

Answer 34

Consists of bundles of parallel axons with their myelin sheaths

Question 35

Nerve tracts

Answer 35

White matter from the CNS which propagate action potentials from one area of the CNS to another