Terms

Question 1

affix

Answer 1

a morpheme that must be added to a root or stem to be pronounced

Question 2

allomorph

Answer 2

a phonologically variant form of a morpheme

Question 3

antepenult

Answer 3

the third last syllable of a word

Question 4

antepenultimate

Answer 4

of or relating to the antepenult

Question 5

citation form

Answer 5

the form of a word used to head a dictionary entry

Question 6

closed syllable

Answer 6

a syllable ending in a consonant

Question 7

collocation

Answer 7

two or more words used together with a specific meaning that is not entirely compositional

Question 8

compositional meaning

Answer 8

the meaning that results from simply combining the meanings of the parts of a construction.

Question 9

compound

Answer 9

roots, stems, or words formed by combining two or more lexical morphemes

Question 10

compounding

Answer 10

the process of forming words by combining two or more lexical morphemes

Question 11

construction

Answer 11

a pattern for assembling larger linguistic units out of smaller linguistic units

Question 12

contrast

Answer 12

the property of a linguistic entity such that it is capable of signaling a difference in meaning in a given language, adj. contrastive

Question 13

derivation

Answer 13

1) the addition of a morpheme to a root that yields a different lexeme, 2) the morpheme added to a root to form a different lexeme

Question 14

doubly closed syllable

Answer 14

a syllable ending in two consonants

Question 15

eponym

Answer 15

a proper noun used as a common noun

Question 16

euphemism

Answer 16

the use of a word, phrase, or sentence with neutral or positive connotation to refer to an entity or situation with inherently negative connotation

Question 17

frame

Answer 17

the coherent cognitive structure of interrelated concepts

Question 18

framing

Answer 18

the part of the meaning of a word (or morpheme) that conveys how the reference is to be viewed.

Question 19

function word

Answer 19

a word which serves structural or syntactic functions in a construction as opposed to referential functions

Question 20

function morpheme

Answer 20

a morpheme which serves structural or syntactic functions in a construction

Question 21

heavy syllable

Answer 21

a syllable that is closed and/or contains a long vowel

Question 22

inflection

Answer 22

1) the addition of a morpheme to a root that yields a different form of the same lexeme, 2) a morpheme which when added to a stem yields another form of the same lexeme

Question 23

lexeme

Answer 23

the fundamental unit of the lexicon of a language, an abstract entity in morphological analysis which corresponds to all the forms with the same reference lexical reference.

Question 24

lexical morpheme

Answer 24

a morpheme which bears most of the referential meaning of a word

Question 25

light syllable

Answer 25

an open syllable containing a short vowel

Question 26

long vowel

Answer 26

1) in general a vowel which has a longer duration, 2) in English the vowels and diphthongs /i/. /e/, /u/, /o/, /ai/, /au/, and /oi/, which behave in parallel ways with respect to phonological considerations in contrast to all other English vowels, which are called short. (Prior to the Great Vowel shift, the long vowels were long in the general sense and the short vowels were short.)

Question 27

metaphor

Answer 27

a figure of speech referring to one object, event, state, or process as if it were another

Question 28

metonymy

Answer 28

the use of a word to refer to an entity with which the proper referent of that word is associated

Question 29

morpheme

Answer 29

the smallest meaningful or functional unit of a language, every morpheme has phonological and syntactic properties, most morphemes also have semantic properties

Question 30

morphology

Answer 30

word structure or the study of word structure

Question 31

onomatopoeia

Answer 31

the imitation of a sound in the word naming the sound

Question 32

open syllable

Answer 32

a syllable ending in a vowel

Question 33

orthography

Answer 33

a system of transcribing a language for practial use

Question 34

parse

Answer 34

analyze a construction into its parts

Question 35

pejoration

Answer 35

the type of semantic change in which a word comes to have a more negative framing or reference

Question 36

penult

Answer 36

the second last syllable of a word

Question 37

penultimate

Answer 37

of or relating to the penult

Question 38

phoneme

Answer 38

a contrastive phonological unit

Question 39

phonology

Answer 39

the sound structure of a language or the study of sound structure

Question 40

pragmatics

Answer 40

the use of a construction or the study of the use of constructions

Question 41

prefix

Answer 41

an affix added to the left end of a root or stem

Question 42

reference

Answer 42

1) the property of a morpheme or construction which connects it to something outside language, 2) in linguistic shorthand the property of a morpheme or construction which connects it to another morpheme or construction of the same reference.

Question 43

root

Answer 43

1) a lexical morpheme, 2) a morphological construction to which derivational affixes are added to form a stem.

Question 44

semantics

Answer 44

the meaning of a construction or the study of meaning

Question 45

short vowel

Answer 45

1) in general a vowel which has a shorter duration, 2) in English the vowels (..), which behave in parallel ways with respect to phonological considerations in contrast to English long vowels. (Prior to the Great Vowel shift, the long vowels were long in the general sense and the short vowels were short.)

Question 46

sound symbolism

Answer 46

the direct relationship between sound and meaning

Question 47

specialization

Answer 47

the use of a more general word to refer to a more specific entity

Question 48

stem

Answer 48

a morphological construction to which inflections can be added.

Question 49

stress

Answer 49

the prominence displayed by certain syllables relative to other syllables

Question 50

suffix

Answer 50

an affix added to the right end of a root or stem

Question 51

synecdoche

Answer 51

the use of a word referring to a part to reference the whole or vice versa

Question 52

syntax

Answer 52

the combination of morphemes or words into larger linguistic units, the properties that a morpheme or word has for combining into larger linguistic units; generally, the study of the combination words into phrases and sentences

Question 53

technical term

Answer 53

a word or phrase used in a specialized meaning in a particular context

Question 54

ultima

Answer 54

the last syllable of a word

Question 55

ultimate

Answer 55

of or relating to the ultima

Question 56

word class

Answer 56

the syntactic type of a word, the major word classes are noun, verb, adjective, and adverb.