Terms

Question 1

Anemia

Answer 1

A condition in which the body does not have enough RBC to carry adequate O2 to the body’s tissues

Can make the person feel fatigued and weak

Question 2

Apophysis &

Apophysitis

Answer 2

Apophysis: a natural protuberance from a bone (i.e. tuberosity); functions as a muscle attachment site; site is highly susceptible to injury from repetitive stress or an acute injury

Apophysitis: inflammation of an apophysis

Question 3

Asthenia

Answer 3

Generalized weakness, typically associated with cerebellar pathology

• if your a$$ gets too theeen, your muscles will feel weak?? =D

Question 4

Fremitus

Answer 4

Vibratory tremors that can be felt through the chest by palpation
- While the pt is speaking, palpate chest from one side to the other

Question 5

Serous

Answer 5

Thin, watery fluid; clear and benign (so no infection)

think of the “serous fluid” that comes out after you’ve removed pus from a zit.

Question 6

Dysmetria

Dys:
1.
diseased, abnormal, or faulty: dysentery, dyslexia
2.
difficult or painful: dysuria
3.
unfavourable or bad: dyslogistic

Answer 6

Inability to control the range of movement and force of muscular activity;

Refers to a lack of coordination of movement typified by the undershoot or overshoot of intended position with the hand, arm, leg, or eye. It is a type of ataxia. It is sometimes described as an inability to judge distance or scale

Question 7

Hypertonia

Answer 7

A condition marked by an abnormal increase in muscle tension and a reduced ability of a muscle to stretch. It is caused by injury to motor pathways in the central nervous system, which carry information from the central nervous system to the muscles and control posture, muscle tone, and reflexes.

Question 8

Ataxia

“it is very energy taxing to move in an uncoordinated manor”

Answer 8

Uncoordinated movement that manifests when voluntary movements are attempted; may influence gait, posture, and patterns of movement

Question 9

Nystagmus

Answer 9

Rhythmic, oscillating motions of the eyes; Generally involuntary
- Can result in balance deficits

Question 10

Thrombocytosis

Answer 10

An abnormally increased number of platelets in the blood;

platelets help the blood clot and therefore this condition may result in complications such as stroke, MI, DVT, etc

Question 11

Leukopenia

Answer 11

An abnormally low number of leukocytes (white blood cells) in the blood

• Can be a result of chemotherapy

Question 12

Polycythemia
poly= many
cyth= cell
emia= blood

Answer 12

A condition characterized by an abnormally high number of red blood cells in the blood

Question 13

Hypernatremia
hyper = excessive, above
na = sodium
emia = blood

Answer 13

Excessive level of sodium in the blood

- Primary Sx is thirst.

Question 14

Hypercalcemia
hyper = excessive
ca = calcium
emia = blood

Answer 14

Excessive level of calcium in the blood

- Condition most commonly associated with hyperparathyroidism since excessive parathyroid hormone raises the level

Question 15

Hyperkalemia
hyper = excessive
K = potassium
emia = blood

Answer 15

Excessive level of potassium in the blood
- Can result in significant hemodynamic and neurological consequences as wall as respiratory paralysis or cardiac arrest; Sx are related to abnormalities in muscular or cardiac function

Question 16

Hypermagnesemia
hyper = excessive
magnes = magnesium
emia = blood

Answer 16

Excessive level of magnesium in the blood

- Often caused by renal failure and Sx include hypotension and respiratory depression

Question 17

Aphasia

Answer 17

Communication disorder caused by brain damage and characterized by an impairment of language comprehension, formulation, and use;
Several types!

Question 18

Dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 18

Inability to perform rapid alternating movements such as flexion/extension, pronation/supination

Question 19

Stereognosis

Answer 19

Identify an object without sight

Question 20

Graphesthesia
graph= graphic
esthesia = skin, feeling, sensibility

Answer 20

identify a number/letter drawn on the skin without visual input

Question 21

Kinesthesia
kine = kinetic movement
esthesia = skin, feeling, sensibility

Answer 21

Ability to identify direction and extent of movement of a joint or body part

Question 22

Barognosis

baro = pressure/weight

Answer 22

Perceive the weight of different objects in the hand

Question 23

Localization

Answer 23

Ability to identify the exact location of light touch on the body using verbal response or gesturing

Question 24

List 4 Types of Aphasia and briefly explain each.

Bonus points if you can name the 2 extra terms for aphasia. =)

Answer 24

1. Broca’s aphasia (Nonfluent aphasia)
   
   • “Expressive aphasia”: pts have trouble speaking fluently but their comprehension can be relatively preserved
   • People with this disorder struggle to get words out, speak in very short sentences and omit words.
2. Wernicke’s aphasia (Fluent aphasia)
   
   • “Receptive aphasia”: characterized by impaired ability to understand spoken or written words
   • People may speak fluently in long, complex sentences that don’t make sense or include unrecognizable, incorrect or unnecessary words
3. Global aphasia
   
   • Severe form of nonfluent aphasia that affects both receptive and expressive language skills
4. Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA)
   
   • Unlike other forms of aphasia resulting from stroke or traumatic brain injury, PPA is a degenerative brain condition resulting from deterioration of brain tissue affecting areas of the brain that are important for speech and language
   • Language capabilities become slowly and progressively impaired, while other mental functions remain preserved

Omg, I have this…

Question 25

Apraxia

Answer 25

A neurological condition characterized by loss of the ability to perform activities that a person is physically able and willing to do. - The brain damage affects the brain's ability to correctly signal instructions to the body. (Pt has strength, coordination, sensation WNL, etc)

Question 26

Name and describe 3 types of apraxia we discussed in class.

Answer 26

1. Ideational apraxia - individual is unable to formulate a plan of movement and does not know the proper use of an object because of a lack of perception of its purpose. There is no loss of motor movement or strength, but the reason for the movement is confused. - pt no longer understands the overall concept of the task so they have the physical strength and coordination to do the task, they just can't understand the "idea" behind the movement 2. Ideomotor apraxia - inability to perform a motor act on command and to imitate gestures, even though the pt understands the concept of the task and is able to carry out habitual tasks automatically - ie. If you leave the tooth brush and tooth paste out, pt will use it appropriately automatically but if you ask them to brush their teeth, they won't know how to do it 3. Constructional apraxia - Patient's inability to reproduce geometric designs and figures; an impairment in activities such as building, assembling, and drawing

Question 27

Apnea

Answer 27

Absence of spontaneous breathing

Question 28

Eupnea

Answer 28

Normal rate and depth of breathing

Question 29

Tachypnea

Answer 29

Faster than normal respiratory rate | >20 breaths/min for adults

Question 30

Bradypnea

Answer 30

Slower than normal respiratory rate | depends on the age of the pt

Question 31

Hyperpnea

Answer 31

Increased rate and depth of breathing

Question 32

Hypopnea

Answer 32

Decreased rate and depth of breathing

Question 33

Cheyenne-Stokes (breathing pattern)

Answer 33

Decreasing rate and depth of breathing with periods of apnea; can occur due to CNS damage

Question 34

Biot's (Breathing pattern)

Answer 34

Irregular breathing; breaths vary in rate and depth with periods of apnea; often associated with increased intracranial pressure or damage to the medulla

Question 35

Akinesia A = w/o kine = kinetic movement

Answer 35

Inability to initiate movement; Common in Parkinson's

Question 36

Athetosis

Answer 36

Condition that presents with involuntary movements combined with instability of posture. Peripheral movements occur without central stability

Question 37

Bradykinesia

Answer 37

Movement that is very slow

Question 38

Chorea

Answer 38

Movements that are sudden, random, and involutary | common w/ Huntingtons disease

Question 39

Clonus

Answer 39

Characteristic of UMNL; involuntary alternating spasmodic contraction of a muscle precipitated by a quick stretch reflex

Question 40

Dysarthria

Answer 40

Motor disorder of speech that is caused by an UMNL that affects the muscles that are used to articulate words and sounds; speech often noted as "slurred" and there may be an effect on respiration or phonatory (sound production) system due to weakness

Question 41

Atelectasis

Answer 41

Complete or partial collapse of a lung or lobe of a lung

Question 42

Perseveration

Answer 42

The repetition of a particular response, such as a word, phrase, or gesture, despite the absence or cessation of a stimulus, usually caused by brain injury

Question 43

Ankylosis

Answer 43

Fusion/stiffening of the joints. Fibrosed= hardening "Bamboo spine" Vertebral joints become immobile. Tx: focus on mobility and EXTENSION bias.

Question 44

Warrant

Answer 44

Justify or Necessitate

Question 45

Duty cycle

Answer 45

On time/total time *Total time is = on + off times then change to % by x(100)

Question 46

Talipes Equinovarus | aka: Clubfoot

Answer 46

The foot and ankle are held in PF and inversion w/ abd & inv of the subtalar & midtarsal jt's.

Question 47

Syndactyly | aka: webbed toes/fingers

Answer 47

Most common congenital malformation of the limbs. Happens during the 6-8 weeks gestation point where digits of the extremities fail to separate.