Terms

Question 1

Principle Beliefs (articles of faith) Islam

Answer 1

1. One true God
2. Angels
3. Books of Allah
4. Prophets
5. Afterlife
6. Fate

Question 2

1. One true God

Answer 2

The oneness of God - Tawhid

“There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger”

Question 3

2. Angels

Answer 3

Mala’ika. Angels exist as messengers of God (Jibriel main angel). They communicated God’s word to the prophet which is expressed in the Quaran. They are made of light and have no free will but exist freely to God’s command.

Question 4

3. Books of Allah

Answer 4

Kutubullah. Quaran, Hadith, Torah, Psalms and Gospels (Injil)
- revelations about the nature of God

Question 5

Allah’s attributions

Answer 5

All knowing, sustainer, protection, compassionate and loving

Question 6

4. Prophets

Answer 6

Rusal = prophet. Adam is the first, muhammad is the last and the greatest. Messangers of God, preach the truth. Thousands of prophets

Question 7

5. Afterlife

Answer 7

Akhira = Afterlife. There will be a judgement day where people will enter either paradise or hell. Central to all monotheistic beliefs

Question 8

6. Fate/Predestination

Answer 8

Qadar. All is as “God wills it” to be. Everything is in accordance to Gods plan.

Question 9

Monotheism

Answer 9

The doctrine that only on God exists

Question 10

Atheism

Answer 10

The disbelief in angels and Gods

Question 11

Transcendence

Answer 11

God is predominately beyond and/or above the world. Links to Monotheism

Question 12

Immanence

Answer 12

The spirit prevading the world, particularly in the immediate real of peoples lives and experiences

Question 13

Pantheism

Answer 13

Identitfies God with the universe. Suggests that the divine is in created order

Question 14

Animism

Answer 14

The belief that spirits inhabit all objects and have influence on people and natural events

Question 15

Diety

Answer 15

A supernatural being considered divine or sacred, a god or godess

Question 16

Monotheistic transcendant religions

Answer 16

Judaism, Christianity and Islam

Question 17

Immanence religions

Answer 17

Buddhism and Hinduism

Question 18

Pentecostalism

Answer 18

Movement within Christianity that places emphasis on the possibility of direct contact with the holy spirit.

Question 19

4 Characteristics of religion

Answer 19

Beliefs and believers
Sacred texts and writtings
Ethics
Rituals and ceremonies

Question 20

Shari’a

Answer 20

Legal code of islam based on the teachings of the Qur’an

Question 21

The Dreaming

Answer 21

The belief system of Australian Aboriginals, commonly expressed through stories. Aspects include the origins of a particular region, sacred sites, stories, symbolism and art

Question 22

Totem

Answer 22

Object, such as an animal or plant, through which an Aboriginal is linked to the ancestral being responsible for his or her existence

Question 23

Pre-islamic Arabia: historical context

Answer 23

Began in the Arabian Peninsula 14000 years ago with prophet Muhammad who lived in Mecca and then Medina
360 bedouin tribes each with their own God, Polotheistic with no belief in afterlife
- engaged in pastoral and agricultural trading activities

Question 24

Pre-islamic arabia: social and religious conditions

Answer 24

• important connection to clan/fam/tribe
• Jahikiyyah “age of ignorance”
• women treated differently in each tribe

Question 25

Age of Ignorance

Answer 25

Jahiliyyah

Question 26

Ka'ba

Answer 26

- mecca's most sacred site - built by prophet Abraham and son Ishmael - first house of worship dedicated to Allah

Question 27

Prophet

Answer 27

Inspired teacher, guide sent by God

Question 28

Qu'ran

Answer 28

Recitation. The messages of God, recieved over 22years by Muhammad Arranged in 114 sura's, longest to shortest Reflects early Islamic history Only Qur'an when in arabic

Question 29

Hijra

Answer 29

Muhammad seeking protection and preaching at Yathril (Medinna)

Question 30

Medinna

Answer 30

City of the prophet

Question 31

Mecca

Answer 31

Became holiest islamic place. | Had wars against Medinna however became converted after Muhammad smashed statues at Ka'Ba

Question 32

Muhammad life

Answer 32

- born Mecca 570CE | - prophet of Islam. Honest and settler of disputes

Question 33

Muhammad revelations

Answer 33

Recieved in mountains when reflecting Angel recited first 5 versus Began preaching to friends and family 12 years of pursecution Fleed mecca, sought protection at Medinna (Hijra) Became powerful religious force after Mecca converted

Question 34

Caliph

Answer 34

Successor. Made religious and political decisions

Question 35

Four caliphs

Answer 35

Amu Bakr Umar Uthman Ali

Question 36

Amu Bakr

Answer 36

Muhammad closest friends and father in law. Earliest followers His election was a signal that islam would be lead by the best people of the community Democratic precedent Defended community Sent exhibition to Siria

Question 37

Umar

Answer 37

Community elected Amu Bakr's successor Oversaw the expulsion of Christians and Jews from arabia Organised standing army Developement of financial and legal institutions Stabbed

Question 38

Uthman

Answer 38

Grievances rose in community over senior appointments | Codified and circulated Qu'ran

Question 39

Ali

Answer 39

More division after Uthman ensured Refusal to punsih those who killed Uthman Tried to eradicate Kharijites Assassinated

Question 40

Hadith

Answer 40

``` Systemises and develops law Includes what prophet said and did Instructions and judgements included Put together 100-150 years after Authenticity varies ```

Question 41

Ethics: the qur'an

Answer 41

First and greatest authority Rules about all human actions Modern concepts can be linked to ancient ones

Question 42

Ethics: the hadith

Answer 42

2nd most important authority | Sayings can be used to define a religious response

Question 43

Halal

Answer 43

Permissable under Islamic law

Question 44

Haram

Answer 44

Forbidden under Islam

Question 45

Ijma

Answer 45

Process where by authoritative Muslim jurists come to a concensus about ethical issues

Question 46

Qiyas

Answer 46

The process of deductive analogy in which the teachings of the Hadith are compared to those of the Qur'an. Includes the concept of precedents in decision making